One umpire stands behind the stumps at the bowler’s end of the pitch, while the other umpire stands at square leg.

The former rules on lbw decisions, no-balls, wides and leg byes, while the latter assists with stumpings and run outs and may help on the question of whether a catch has carried or not if there is uncertainty.

The batsmen should be given any benefit of doubt.

The umpires change position at the end of each over.

A batsman is only given out if done so by an umpire following an appeal from the fielding side or if the batsman voluntarily leaves the crease believing he is out under the Laws of the game.

If a batsman stands his ground and no appeal is made by the fielding side then he should not be given out by an umpire, even if he should be out under the Laws of the game.

The umpires indicate no-balls, byes, leg-byes, wides and boundaries to the scorers, who are responsible for keeping a running total of the runs scored.

The third umpire can make use of video evidence to rule on run outs, stumpings, whether a ball has hit the ground before being caught or when it is unclear if the ball has crossed the boundary or not.

However, the third umpire can only rule if the decision is referred to him by the umpires out on the pitch.

The match referee rules on disciplinary matters.

If a player shows dissent at a decision then the match referee usually takes action in the form of a fine against the player in question.