Britain's Dan Wheldon will start second on the grid for the 92nd Indianapolis 500, which takes place on 25 May.
Wheldon was beaten to pole position by team-mate Scott Dixon, while Australian Ryan Briscoe completes the front row.
Helio Castroneves was fourth, while Danica Patrick - the first woman to win an Indy Car race - came in fifth with Tony Kanaan sixth.
The final 22 grid places were decided on Sunday after rain had washed out last week's planned session.
Canada's Marty Roth and 1996 winner Buddy Lazier withstood the last hectic minutes of final qualifying to secure starting spots.
Mexico's Mario Dominguez made a last-ditch effort to displace Roth, but a crash on his final attempt ended his chances of qualification.
Grid positions for Indianapolis 500:
Row 1
1. Scott Dixon (NZL) 226.366 mph
2. Dan Wheldon (ENG) 226.110 mph
3. Ryan Briscoe (AUS) 226.080 mph
Row 2
4. Helio Castroneves (BRA) 225.733 mph
5. Danica Patrick (USA) 225.197 mph
6. Tony Kanaan (BRA) 224.794 mph
Row 3
7. Marco Andretti (USA) 224.417 mph
8. Vitor Meira (BRA) 224.346 mph
9. Hideki Mutoh (JPN) 223.887 mph
Row 4
10. Ed Carpenter (USA) 223.835 mph
11. Tomas Scheckter (RSA) 223.496 mph
12. Townsend Bell (USA) 222.539 mph
Row 5
13. Graham Rahal (USA) 222.531 mph
14. Darren Manning (ENG) 222.430 mph
15. Bruno Junqueira (BRA) 222.330 mph
Row 6
16. Justin Wilson (ENG) 222.267 mph
17. Buddy Rice (USA) 222.101 mph
18. Davey Hamilton (USA) 222.017 mph
Row 7
19. Alex Lloyd (ENG) 221.788 mph
20. Ryan Hunter-Reay (USA) 221.579 mph
21. John Andretti (USA) 221.550 mph
Row 8
22. Sarah Fisher (USA) 221.246 mph
23. Will Power (AUS) 221.136 mph
24. Jeff Simmons (USA) 221.103 mph
Row 9
25. Oriol Servia (ESP) 229.767 mph
26. E.J. Viso (VEN) 220.356 mph
27. Milka Duno (VEN) 220.305 mph
Row 10
28. Mario Moraes (BRA) 219.716 mph
29. Enrique Bernoldi (BRA) 219.422 mph
30. Jaime Camara (BRA) 219.345 mph
Row 11
31. AJ Foyt IV (USA) 219.184 mph
32. Buddy Lazier (USA) 219.015 mph
33. Marty Roth (CAN) 218.965 mph
Cars are timed over four consecutive laps of 2.5-mile oval circuit