A late goal from substitute Adriano helped Brazilian side Internacional stun Barcelona 1-0 in the Club World Cup final in Yokohama.
Barca were on top until Adriano poked the ball home with eight minutes left.
Deco and Ronaldinho both went close in the closing stages as Barcelona desperately tried to find an equaliser.
It was the second year running that the South American champions beat the European champions in the final, after Sao Paulo defeated Liverpool last year.
Internacional qualified for the tournament when they beat Sao Paulo to win the Copa Libertadores title.
After a slow start, Internacional's Alexandre Pato headed a corner just over the bar, which prompted Barcelona into action, with Ronaldinho going close when a rebounded Giovanni van Bronckhorst shot landed in his path.
Eidur Gudjohnsen and Ronaldinho had several other good chances, while the Barcelona defence stood firm against any Internacional attacks.
"This isn't a failure from the team, this is my failure"
Pato, who had scored in the two previous games, was taken off after 61 minutes and his replacement Luiz Adriano gave Internacional more cutting edge as Barcelona's patience started to run out.
But it was another Internacional substitute, 19-year-old Adriano, on for the injured captain Fernandao, who was picked out on the break by Iarly to flick the ball into the net for the winner.
Ronaldinho's nearly snatched an equaliser when his free-kick flashed wide late on but Internacional held on.
Earlier, Egyptian side Ahly beat Club America of Mexico 2-1 in the third-place play-off.
"This isn't a failure from the team, this is my failure," said Barcelona coach Frank Rijkaard.
"Of course we wanted to win but it was difficult to keep our motivation high and it's difficult to keep pleasing our fans. Maybe we can learn from this.
"I was not able to support the team as a coach and I feel sorry for that. Maybe I made a few mistakes but football is a sport and losing a game is not the end of the world."
Internacional coach Abel Braga said: "I said yesterday that we didn't need to fear Barcelona.
"We shut the players in a room for 15 minutes yesterday to get their spirits up for this game. I really think my team is the best in the world."