But it remains the most under-developed province too, with its people leading a traditional and basic existence.

Papuans argue that they are ethnically distinct from other Indonesians and should therefore be allowed to break away, as East Timor did in 1999.

But the Papuans' main argument for independence is because they say they have been neglected and exploited for their timber, copper, gold and oil reserves.

Guerrillas of the Free Papua Movement (OPM) are fighting for independence while the political struggle is advanced by the Papuan Presidium Council (PDP).

In an effort to quell separatist demands, Jakarta has apologised for previous neglect and misrule and granted the province much greater powers to manage its own affairs.