Correspondent: Boys Will Be Boys Tx Date: 16th June 2002 This script was made from audio tape – any inaccuracies are due to voices being unclear or inaudible 00.00.00 Music 00.00.02 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Wherever international peacekeepers walk in, a vast and often abusive sex industry will follow. 00.00.09 Music 00.00.10 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Thousands of young girls are shipped in to meet the demand. 00.00.13 Music 00.00.19 Alina Voice over I was taken to checkpoints where the soldiers were. I told them I didn't want to but they forced me. They beat me. 00.00.28 Music 00.00.30 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Voices of protest are not heard. 00.00.32 Music 00.00.34 Kathy Bolkovac They basically rape the country while they're there. I feel that's the biggest issue I'd like to see dealt with. 00.00.41 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We ask are those in charge dealing with the problem. 00.00.45 Music 00.00.48 Correspondent Theme Music 00.00.58 Title Page Boys will be boys 00.01.04 Music 00.01.10 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Bosnia: after a four year civil war, which left people and homes shattered and tore the heart out of cities like Sarajevo. 00.01.19 Music 00.01.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But a new industry has grown in this ravaged, lawless land. 00.01.29 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Prompted by the arrival of thousands of international soldiers and policemen. 00.01.34 Music 00.01.39 Aston MADELIENE REES Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights The two are directly linked. There is direct evidence of bars being opened, of, particularly in this, in the early stages flats as well being made available with foreign women and at that stage the only people who would have had access to those sites would have been the international community. There were curfews. People didn't have cars; people didn't have money. So in the early stages and all the evidence that there is suggest that it was the international community that were encouraging the market. 00.02.09 Music 00.02.11 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We're assured that the situation is now under control. 00.02.17 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Police raid brothels. Customers are detained. Bar owners are arrested, although with friends among the local police and judiciary, seldom convicted. 00.02.28 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The main purpose of all this activity is to find among the girls, those who've been brought to Bosnia against their will as sex slaves. 00.02.37 Music 00.02.39 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The idea that the international peacekeepers could be among their clients is, we're told, being confronted. 00.02.45 Music 00.02.50 Jacques Paul Klein We have the most aggressive, hard charging, anti- trafficking programme anywhere in the whole region. We have zero tolerance. 00.02.57 Aston JACQUES PAUL KLEIN Head of UN Mission in Bosnia Anytime you or anyone else can walk into my office and give me the name of any officer involved anywhere, using the services of a prostitute, he will be fired immediately and sent home. 00.03.07 Music 00.03.10 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So it came as some surprise to one international police officer when she was sent home. 00.03.16 Music 00.03.19 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Kathy Bolkovac was fired from her job as a senior police officer in Bosnia a year ago. 00.03.25 Music 00.03.32 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Kathy now lives in Holland with plenty of time to reflect on what went wrong. 00.03.37 Sue Lloyd-Roberts That's you, is it? 00.03.39 Kathy Bolkovac This is me in my beret. And this is in uniform, dress uniform and this was taken at the medal parade for our American contingent. And this is Jacques Klein the Head of the Mission for Bosnia. 00.03.53 Sue Lloyd-Roberts It had all started so well. Kathy had over twenty years experience as a police officer in America when she applied to work for the UN. 00.04.01 Music 00.04.14 Sue Lloyd-Roberts It was a professional challenge and she had personal reasons for wanting to work in the Balkans. 00.04.21 Kathy Bolkovac I was ready for a change from my home police department and I felt I was at a time in my life when I was ready for something more and I was approaching forty and felt that I didn't want to remain a street officer and just doing simple investigations. I have always wanted to see the area of the world where my grandfather, my father's family was from, which was Croatia. And so, it was kind of a, a very good way to, to do all those things at once. 00.04.47 Sue Lloyd-Roberts She did well, her six month contract was renewed three times and she was promoted. 00.04.53 Music 00.04.54 Aston KATHRYN BOLKOVAC My particular job description when I went to the Gender Office was to oversee all the investigations involving gender issues. Anything from trafficking to sexual assaults to domestic violence cases throughout the country. So it was general management of the entire caseload. 00.05.16 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Increasingly her job became dominated by the thriving sex industry. 00.05.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts She was appalled by the extent of the trafficking operation and she assumed that the rest of the international police would share her moral outrage. 00.05.37 Kathy Bolkovac I would drive by basically on patrols and see many UN vehicles at many of the bars and at first I thought, ok, you know they're there having a drink, checking up on things. But then as the reports started coming in from the victims that many of these people were users and abusers it was quite obvious that that was more than just the case. 00.06.01 Music 00.06.03 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Then there was a routine raid on the Vila Bar – a notorious brothel in the town of Doboj. 00.06.10 Music 00.06.12 Sue Lloyd-Roberts It's the kind of place where, using safe flats and mobile phones, pimps and traffickers work with impunity, often in collusion with the local police. 00.06.22 Music 00.06.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts When Kathy read the statements from the girls questioned at the Vila, they confirmed her suspicions. 00.06.31 Kathy Bolkovac Approximately five of these women were implicating that internationals were involved; international police were involved in visiting the brothels as customers for sexual services. Some of these women were indicating and describing American, American men in uniform, they were describing tattoos, they were describing many things which were highly identifiable, at least as a police officer you would be able to identify these people. These women were willing to give testimony in an internal affairs investigation. 00.07.02 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Kathy came up with a simple solution. To ask the girls to identify the men from the photographic ID, which every police officer in Bosnia must wear. But before this could be done there was an e-mail. 00.07.15 Kathy Bolkovac The next day our American contingent commander sent out an e-mail to all the Americans in the mission describing in detail this investigation and that these women were going to give evidence and that some of them were going to be describing Americans and that a photo line-up was going to be used. And when I got this e-mail on my computer I really felt that he had just totally blown the entire investigation and that if indeed there were Americans involved that this gave them a lot of opportunity to either make up a story about their whereabouts or, or whatever. 00.07.52 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Perhaps, she thought charitably, there was genuine confusion among her colleagues about trafficking. She sent an e-mail with what she believes are crucial definitions. 00.08.03 Kathy Bolkovac Prostitute: someone who willingly sells her body for sexual services with actual material or financial gain who is free to quit or leave or say no when they want. 00.08.13 Kathy Bolkovac Trafficker: someone who buys, sells, transports, enslaves, entices, promises, kidnaps, deceives, assaults or coerces a person for material gain. 00.08.25 Kathy Bolkovac Trafficking victim: most of the women and children, some who you are referring to as prostitutes. Clientele: some local people, SFOR, IPTF, local police and international humanitarian employees in Bosnia Herzegovina. 00.08.42 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The e-mail does not go down well. Three weeks later Kathy is called to a meeting where she says she's accused of being psychologically burned out and moved from her job. Six months later she's fired for allegedly falsifying a time sheet. 00.08.59 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Today the UN is divided between those who think Kathy is a troublemaker and those who say she's a brave whistleblower. 00.09.07 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Her superiors claim that she was suffering from psychological burnout. 00.09.11 Aston MADELEINE REES Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Yeah, based on what. There was never any sort of evaluation, there was never even a meeting to discuss whether she was stressed. It was decided without any consultation with her or with any consultation with anybody who would be in an appropriate position to make that sort of estimate. 00.09.27 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So why was she thwarted? 00.09.30 Madeleine Rees I think quite clearly because she was the frontline person interviewing trafficked women. She therefore interviewed just about every single woman who was trafficked who came though the ION programme. And she was very, very good at her job and she was finding out from the trafficked women about the extent and involvement of IPTF using. And… 00.09.49 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The International Police Force? 00.09.50 Madeleine Rees International Police Task Force, sorry. And she was also relaying the fact that there were considerable number of Americans engaged in that. And she was trying to get action taken about that. 00.10.06 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Kathy's now unemployed and with the help of her partner preparing a case of unfair dismissal. 00.10.15 Kathy Bolkovac There's times when I feel that it really wasn't worth anything. There's times when I think I've ruined my career, I've ruined my credibility, I gave up a very good life to go to Bosnia and to work internationally. But then there's times when I, when I realise too that sometimes it does just take that one person to make the difference, to get the ball rolling, to keep pushing and pushing and I'm hoping that's what will come of this. 00.10.46 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We begin to make our own investigations about Kathy's story. As word gets around of our enquiries we receive corroborating evidence. Anonymously by e-mail and by phone. 00.11.00 Sue Lloyd-Roberts And then, we get a vital document. The statement given to the police by one of those girls in the Vila Bar. She clearly identifies eight foreign clients. Four from the military and four from the international police. 00.11.22 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We go to Barcelona to meet the girl, Monica, who tells me that she was sold to a pimp by her boyfriend who pretended that he had arranged for her to work as a waitress in Italy. 00.11.35 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The pimp took her here to the Vila Bar in Bosnia. The one that had alerted Kathy. 00.11.42 Sue Lloyd-Roberts She was confronted by scenes like this, which we filmed secretly in another club in Bosnia. 00.11.45 Aston Hidden camera 00.11.49 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Soon after she arrived the man who had bought her disappeared. She tried to explain to one of the girls that there had been a terrible mistake. 00.11.58 Monica First I thought it was a joke. I told her but I'm not staying here, I'm leaving, you know, I came to have a drink and I'm leaving. Then she explained me that I had to dance and I had to, to have sex with the men who entered the club. 00.12.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts How many times did you have to do this in a night? 00.12.27 Monica It depended if the club was full, like seven, eight and if not like regular, three. 00.12.36 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The majority Americans? 00.12.37 Monica The majority Americans, yes, many Americans. They like to have fun and you can't imagine how they, how they act in these clubs. 00.12.47 Monica In clubs they usually drink a lot. They speak loud, they make fun of the girls. They treat the girls like, like nothing. Really. 00.13.03 Sue Lloyd-Roberts When you were alone with an international in your room, above the bar, did you ever try and appeal for help? 00.13.10 Monica Yes, but most of them said that they don't want to get in trouble because they're not allowed to come here and if they try to help us they get in trouble. So they prefer not to. 00.13.20 Sue Lloyd-Roberts You appealed to policemen for help but they didn't… 00.13.21 Monica Yes, to all of them, to all the military with whom I sat, I asked for help but all of them said they don't want to get in trouble. I had to do it all by myself finally. None of them helped me, none of them. 00.13.41 Music 00.13.45 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Some forty governments all over the world send peacekeepers to Bosnia. They're usually on six month contracts and then return home and are difficult to trace. 00.13.55 Music 00.13.58 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We're contacted in Vienna by men who say that they helped international police officers traffic girls into Bosnia. 00.14.05 Music 00.14.07 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But they too want to remain anonymous and won't be interviewed. 00.14.10 Music 00.14.13 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But like Kathy some police officers are so outraged by what they call the 'boys will be boys' attitude, prevailing among men posted away from home, that they want to talk. 00.14.25 Music 00.14.26 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Like a senior British police officer, Richard Monk, who was Head of the International Police in Bosnia immediately before Kathy arrived. 00.14.35 Aston RICHARD MONK Former Commissioner International Police One of the most disappointing and upsetting features from, in my time as commissioner was to be told by local police officers that actually trafficking in girls had not existed until the arrival of the international peacekeepers. So, painful to learn that as a result of your presence in Bosnia, this had now become a serious issue that as a result girls were being trafficked across the borders and were actually being exploited in a way which was highly damaging to them, both their bodies and to their minds. 00.15.12 Sue Lloyd-Roberts People might argue that soldiers and policemen away from home have basic needs and they may be forgiven for behaving like this. 00.15.19 Richard Monk Well I don't agree, I can't see how you can possibly go into a country representing an international organisation like the United Nations or like NATO and behave in that way. 00.15.29 Sue Lloyd-Roberts You have no sympathy? 00.15.30 Richard Monk No sympathy at all. I knew of one case where a fourteen year old girl was actually living with a international police officer. I didn't know about that until several months on. Then comes the inquiry and depressingly I had to set up an internal affairs branch to manage investigations against my own police officers. Nothing more embarrassing and damaging to the work that we were trying to do. 00.15.57 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So is it inevitable that wherever international peacekeepers are sent in, a sex industry involving trafficked young women follows? 00.16.11 Music 00.16.16 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We go to Kosovo where the war broke out six years after that in Bosnia and the peacekeeping operation is at an earlier stage. 00.16.25 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Every second vehicle belongs to an international agency. Most conspicuous the so-called police coca-cola cars. 00.16.34 Music 00.16.37 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Many locals already refer to the peacekeepers, soldiers, police and aid agencies as an army of occupation who've overstayed their welcome. And they've only been here for four years. 00.16.50 Music 00.16.54 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Some forty five thousand KFOR troops are now in Kosovo. Two thousand of them British who are warned as soon as they arrive that there's to be no social life outside the barracks. 00.17.05 Female soldier Ok, good afternoon and welcome to Pristina. All personnel arriving in theatre are to read and familiarise themselves with HQ BritFor standing orders. In particular the no walking out policy that is currently in force. This means under no circumstances are personnel to proceed outside the wire of their camp on foot. 00.17.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But can you keep grown men confined to barracks? Officially there's been only one high-ranking lapse in the British camp. 00.17.33 Aston Colonel MIKE CLEMENTS The British army has a walking out policy in all its operational theatres. In this particular case there is a force protection issue. We are not confident that our soldiers would not be assaulted if they're in down town Pristina. As you're probably well aware there's a high level of organised crime. We don't want our soldiers to get themselves into compromising positions and get involved in that sort of thing. 00.18.03 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Compromising positions, would that include consorting with prostitutes? 00.18.07 Colonel Mike Clements Well where there's a will there is a way. So we make sure our soldiers are not in, put into a position where they may be tempted. 00.18.15 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But it has happened in the past, you must know of at least one British officer who has been sent back for being found in this compromising position. 00.18.22 Colonel Mike Clements Yeah, I am aware that that took place in sort of mid-year 2000. But we've got no evidence to suggest that that has been repeated since that unfortunate incident. 00.18.34 Band Music 00.18.37 Sue Lloyd-Roberts What about our closest NATO partners? 00.18.40 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Bondsteel, the American base in Kosovo. 00.18.43 Band Music 00.18.55 Sergeant Irving On the right, here's our motor pool. To our left over here we have C-huts, the hard side barracks that the soldiers stay in. Most of the troops have their own TV in their rooms, stereos. So really he has all the comforts of home. 00.19.09 Band music 00.19.10 Sue Lloyd-Roberts I'm invited to visit the on-base hospital. 00.19.13 Band music 00.19.13 Sergeant Irving Lieutenant Campbell, I'm Sergeant Irving, nice to meet you Sir and this is Sue with BBC. 00.19.18 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The only queue here is for preventative medicine, which includes advice on sexually transmitted diseases, STDs. 00.19.26 Doctor All the soldiers get what's called a medical threat brief. That includes STDS, that includes endemic diseases, food and water sources, environmental hazards… 00.19.39 Sue Lloyd-Roberts And do you have a high incidence of STDs here? 00.19.42 Doctor We do have cases, yes ma'am. 00.19.44 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Which have been suffered here, while based here? 00.19.49 Doctor Yes ma'am. 00.19.51 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So how do soldiers confined to barracks get sexually transmitted diseases and in several cases get sent home for sexual misconduct. 00.20.01 Sue Lloyd-Roberts As I drive round the neighbouring town I see new bars, which are according to army rules out of bounds. The first taxi driver I meet explains. 00.20.12 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So tell me, which came first the camps, the international camps with the international soldiers or the clubs? 00.20.20 Taxi driver Voice over The troops came first. 00.20.22 Sue Lloyd-Roberts And, you as a taxi driver, are you ware of much transport between, as much traffic between the camp and the clubs? 00.20.33 Taxi driver Voice over Yes, I sometimes drive them to these clubs, about one every second night. They're sometimes in uniform but there have been occasions when they've changed their clothes in my car from military to civilian. 00.20.55 Taxi driver Voice over People round here think it's not good and it's not a nice thing for this area. It's a bad example to the young who grow up to see these things. But of course soldiers will be soldiers and they won't stay put if there's a nightclub outside the barracks. 00.21.21 Music 00.21.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts When the peacekeepers first arrived in Kosovo they were warmly welcomed as protection against the Serbs. But now some locals are wondering whether they don't need to be saved from their protectors. 00.21.37 Sue Lloyd-Roberts In the space of four years Kosovo already has all the trappings of the sex trafficking business, which we saw in Bosnia. And safe shelters have to be found for the girls who ask for help. 00.21.49 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Svedije runs one such shelter. She was among those who cheered when the peacekeepers arrived. 00.21.56 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Did you expect more of the international police when they arrived to help here in Kosovo? 00.22.02 Aston SVEDIJE Yes I did. If they do have these international uniforms of KFOR, NATO and SFOR, the international police, they do not possess the, the right to humiliate and degrade a person anywhere they are or anywhere they go. 00.22.28 Svedije We have the international forces here and there is a sex market here. This market is sometimes mis-used. 00.22.40 Sue Lloyd-Roberts This is a drawing made by a girl who's living in Svedije's shelter. 00.22.43 Music 00.22.45 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The childish hand describes how she was kidnapped, kept in locked houses. Made to take her clothes off and raped repeatedly. 00.22.54 Music 00.22.57 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Here, she says, there were five every night. 00.23.05 Svedije Voice over Can you tell me how old you were when this ordeal began? 00.23.10 Girl Voice over I was thirteen. 00.23.11 Svedije Voice over Thirteen, what happened to you? 00.23.19 Girl Voice over I was walking down the street with a friend. A woman stopped me and asked if I wanted to come and work in a bar. I said no, I didn't want to. She then forced me to go with her. They took me to checkpoints where the soldiers were. I told them I didn't want to but they forced me. They beat me. She took me to the barracks where the soldiers are. She threw me inside. I was very, very scared. If I refused she would beat me. 00.24.04 Svedije Voice over Beat you? Were they foreigners or locals? 00.24.08 Girl Voice over Foreigners. 00.24.13 Svedije Voice over How did you know they were foreigners? 00.24.16 Girl Voice over Their language. 00.24.18 Svedije Voice over A foreign language? 00.24.19 Girl Voice over Yes. 00.24.23 Svedije Voice over Could you recognise them from their colour or did you just know they were foreigners? 00.24.32 Girl Voice over I would see them arrive in foreign cars. 00.24.36 Svedije Voice over What sort of cars? 00.24.38 Girl Voice over Red and white. 00.24.42 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Neither NATO or the UN give figures for the number of offenders among them but we're told of several internationals who've raped young girls and been sent home. 00.24.52 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But are they punished? 00.24.54 Svedije Well this is what we ask. Did you detain the international police, we were told we cannot do that because they under the immunity, they do have, they, they own immunity, the UN immunity and you cannot arrest any international policeman here because they are, they possess this immunity, international immunity. 00.25.20 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Even though they'd raped a minor? 00.25.22 Svedije No matter what happened. Even if they kill. 00.25.25 Music 00.25.28 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Back in Bosnia we're told about twenty policemen have been sent home for sexual misconduct. 00.25.36 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Here too international police enjoy immunity but there is a growing awareness about the trafficking problem. At the UN there's a new team, STOP, set up to challenge the traffickers and help the girls. 00.25.51 Celhia de Lavarène They're all scared. 00.25.52 Policeman 1 Very scared. I mean as I said there was a girl the other day we had her in court, she came to a club, she refused to have sexual favours or business with clients. She sat in the club for the first couple of nights wearing her ordinary clothes she was then removed to another club whereby she was brought into a room and people actually paid to come in and watch her being raped. 00.26.15 Policeman 2 They're not people. They have no feelings, there's nothing. They are just plain merchandise. 00.26.21 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We and several other film crews are invited to police headquarters at dawn to join the STOP team on a surprise raid. 00.26.30 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The local and international police involved were selected personally by Celhia de Lavarène; a French journalist appointed by the UN to lead the team. 00.26.40 Sue Lloyd-Roberts It's a big group. 00.26.43 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Do you think the raid will be a genuine surprise? 00.26.48 Aston CELHIA de LAVARÈNE Head of STOP team We'll see, we'll see. But we need all those people, this is the problem we cannot perform a raid with two person. That's the problem. 00.26.59 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We set off early to arrive when the bar owners least expect us. It's well known that bar owners offer corrupt members of the local police money or sex with the girls in exchange for a tip-off. 00.27.13 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The target is the owner and any girls who are being held against their will. 00.27.19 Celhia de Lavarène That's it. Easy. 00.27.22 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Celia directs the operation. 00.27.29 Celhia de Lavarène Do we have people here? Yeah. Ok. Yeah. 00.27.42 Celhia de Lavarène No you cannot open, only the police. Nobody can touch anything. The police. 00.27.53 Man Three girls. 00.27.55 Sue Lloyd-Roberts They come from Moldova, Romania and the Ukraine. Many have their passports confiscated as soon as they arrive. 00.28.08 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Is this what you'd expect; ten girls, no owner? 00.28.12 Celhia de Lavarène There is no owner but there is someone to look after them. 00.28.15 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The girls did not look very pleased to see you. 00.28.17 Celhia de Lavarène No they're not. They're afraid. Most of them don't have a passport. One said she lost it two days ago, which I don't believe. What I believe is that she never had one. 00.28.34 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Why do so few ask for help? 00.28.35 Celhia de Lavarène Because they're afraid, because it takes time, because the bar owners are telling them that we are going to sell them, buy them, put them in jail, that we are using them. That's the problem. 00.28.52 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The problem could be also that the girls are confused by the fact that while some policemen come to the bars at night, others come as their rescuers by day. 00.29.02 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We move onto another raid. Another bar. 00.29.13 Sue Lloyd-Roberts The team tell us that some of the girls found here were spotted in another bar, in another town the night before and that the owners deliberately hide and move around the girls who are most vulnerable and who might appeal for help. 00.29.30 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We go back to that second bar a few days later where we film secretly and find that it's business as usual. 00.29.30 Aston Hidden camera 00.29.38 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So do these raids achieve anything? 00.29.42 Aston MADELEINE REES Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Brothel raids alone don't work because traffickers are not stupid, they don't sit around waiting for a brothel raid. It's good to close the bars of course it is but one of the obvious consequence of that is people don't say oh close the bar, that's it, game over. No of course not. They still are going to continue with the forcing of women into prostitution but in different circumstances where they're not going to be so easily prosecuted. 00.30.03 Madeleine Rees So instead of having women in bars now you're going to have phone calls, you have mobile phone numbers and you can have a woman delivered to your apartment or to a motel or many places now where there are restaurants, they're not even seen to be night bars or night clubs but they are restaurants and they will find there are motel room upstairs where you can buy a woman and take her upstairs. 00.30.30 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So why do these raids take place? 00.30.32 Madeleine Rees Many non-governmental organisations who are involved in providing direct assistance to women, they think that at the moment it is more a show and tell, it is more sort of for the public, for public consumption. That is close the obvious manifestations of trafficking, which are the night bars and the discothèques etcetera so that we look as if we've dealt with the problem because if it's underground then it's not an identifiable problem so we can move on. So it will be another one of United Nations says yet again it has done something when in fact it has not done something. 00.31.06 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Nonetheless, in the past year the STOP team have sent back home some two hundred girls. 00.31.12 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But in the past when these girls have dared speak out they're not always listened to. It was a group like this taken to a police station who told Kathy's team that there were Americans among their clients in the Vila Bar. 00.31.27 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Monica also tried to alert the authorities to the internationals who came to the Vila. 00.31.33 Sue Lloyd-Roberts You were brave enough to identify members of the International Police Task Force in photographs and you said very strongly that you wanted to go to a court and testify. Why do you think it never got that far? 00.31.49 Monica That's because I was sent home. I don't know the reason. I don't know why I was not in a hurry. I told them that once I started, my exact words, once I started I go to the end of it. And I'm going to do whatever I can to, to prove because I had proof and to stop. 00.32.14 Sue Lloyd-Roberts To prove that internationals were coming to your bar and were involved in abusing young women. 00.32.18 Monica And stop them. They shouldn't do this, they're military, they should protect girls in this situation not to abuse them. 00.32.29 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So are you suggesting that you were sent home deliberately so that you couldn't testify? 00.32.34 Monica I'm not sure but like, eighty percent yes. 00.32.39 Sue Lloyd-Roberts You got the impression you were sent home in a hurry. 00.32.41 Monica Yes. 00.32.45 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Are you angry? 00.32.47 Monica Yes. I'm very angry because it's not fair and I've always been for justice always. And it's not fair, not only for me but for all the girls in my situation, not only for me. And they, somebody should do something. But, I don't think anyone really cares. They're covering between each other. They're in this all together. 00.33.23 Music 00.33.30 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Our investigations take us to Romania to find another girl who worked at the Vila and who like Monica tried to identify the internationals who frequented the bar. 00.33.40 Music 00.33.43 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But first Alina wants to tell me how she was treated. She was made to take at least three clients a night. 00.33.54 Alina Voice over We had to make a hundred and fifty Deutsch marks per night. If we refused we were beaten up. If we didn't talk nicely we were beaten up. The boss used to threaten us saying that he had to get his moneys worth out of us, that he couldn't afford to pay for our upkeep. 00.34.16 Sue Lloyd-Roberts One of Alina's clients, an Argentinean police officer, offered to get her out of the Vila by buying her from the owner for two thousand Deutsch marks. 00.34.31 Alina Voice over The Argentinean, who worked for the IPTF, didn't come all that often, only from time to time. He helped me; he came with the money, Deutsch marks. He talked to the boss and offered to pay for me. He was told ok, I could go but he had to pay three thousand Deutsch marks and not the two thousand he had offered. 00.34.57 Sue Lloyd-Roberts And so, like a slave, Alina's freedom was bought and she went home. But what's intriguing about her story is that when the Head of the UN Mission, Jacques Paul Klein came to Romania on official business, he sent for Alina to meet him in Bucharest, where he showed her an album with the photographs of twenty IPTF policemen. 00.35.21 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So of the photographs that he showed you of IPTF officers, how many were you able to identify? 00.35.34 Alina Voice over It was only three that I could not identify out of the twenty he showed me, just three. There were many who used to come to the bar. I identified them but nothing happened to them as far as I know, only to this one person. They wanted to take to court the person who had helped me not because he had helped me but because he shouldn't have frequented such bars. They were interested in just this one person. They had to get the evidence so that they could repatriate him. 00.36.13 Alina Voice over It's strange because the others were not repatriated. Just this one person who did something good, who should have had their support. They promise to help us but they don't. Only this one person who offered to help after being there for only two weeks. Whereas the IPTF had known for years about the girls and the problems but did nothing at all. 00.36.42 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Back at the United Nations headquarters in Sarajevo, which is also the headquarters of the IPTF, we put this allegation to the Head of Mission, Jacques Paul Klein. 00.36.57 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Clearly you are aware of the problem of internationals as users in these bars… 00.37.01 Jacques Paul Klein Oh we are, they were sent home. 00.37.02 Sue Lloyd-Roberts …because you do, you also took the trouble of going to Romania to interview a former inmate at the Vila… 00.37.06 Jacques Paul Klein Yes, yes. 00.37.08 Sue Lloyd-Roberts …taking with you photos of IPTF officers. 00.37.09 Jacques Paul Klein Yes. Right. 00.37.11 Sue Lloyd-Roberts How many did she identify? 00.37.12 Aston JACQUES PAUL KLEIN Head of UN Mission in Bosnia I think she identified one. Now, understand also that I am a former criminal investigator. I was a special agent. I had credentials and a badge. I've done more criminal homicide, fraud and other investigations than most of my IPTF people. 00.37.28 Jacques Paul Klein So the fact that I did this in Romania in the context of doing something else, nothing illogical or illegal or anything about that. Plus, these are not judicial interviews in the sense of a western court. We have no executive authority. I can't swear you. In other words I don't think there's, there's a total lack of understanding what the limits of the possible are here, or what we can and cannot do. She identified one person I believe that individual was disciplined and sent home. 00.37.54 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We spoke to her two days ago and she said she identified seventeen. 00.37.58 Jacques Paul Klein That's not true. That's a direct and outright lie. 00.38.01 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Well it's only her word against yours. 00.38.02 Jacques Paul Klein I have the document. 00.38.04 Sue Lloyd-Roberts She says that she was surprised… 00.38.05 Jacques Paul Klein That's nonsense. 00.38.06 Sue Lloyd-Roberts …that your, your only interest was in the Argentinean, who ironically rescued her from the Vila… 00.38.09 Jacques Paul Klein Right. 00.38.11 Sue Lloyd-Roberts …and that there was a case ongoing against him and you seemed only interested… 00.38.14 Jacques Paul Klein She did not identify… 00.38.15 Sue Lloyd-Roberts …in collecting evidence in… 00.38.16 Jacques Paul Klein …seventeen people to me at all. That's a lie, as I told you. That's an absolute false... 00.38.19 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Are you protecting them? 00.38.21 Jacques Paul Klein No, oh come on now, be serious. That's rather rude. 00.38.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts I have to ask. 00.38.25 Jacques Paul Klein Well that's rather rude. I mean I thought you were a serious journalist. She did not identify seventeen people to me. She identified one Argentine and one possible other one but she wasn't sure; that was all. So let's not get carried away. These people, based on how you ask the question, how you stimulate the conversation will say anything you want. 00.38.43 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Well, I simply asked how many photographs did Mr Klein show you and how many were you able to identify. 00.38.47 Jacques Paul Klein I showed her a whole album full, she identified one person, an Argentine, she did not identify the seventeen and why would she lie. I mean I don't understand that but c'est la vie. 00.38.57 Sue Lloyd-Roberts We asked UN officials for that document, which he says relates to his interview with Alina but they wouldn't give it to us. 00.39.05 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Why would a Head of Mission while he's in Romania, personally interview a girl who'd been trafficked, who'd given evidence against the IPTF? 00.39.16 Aston MADELEINE REES Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights I cannot imagine. I really cannot imagine why it, I mean it's outside the jurisdiction, it certainly would not fall within the standard operating procedures. I think if you ask Klein that he would say it was because he wanted to find out for himself the truth of the extent of the involvement of IPTF in trafficking. 00.39.38 Madeleine Rees It's very difficult to understand the rationale behind it because in such a sensitive area you would never send someone who is going to terrify the life out of someone and even, you know, with the best will in the world, if you have that seniority and that position, you don't go and interview someone who's been trafficked because someone who's been trafficked does need support, does need counselling, is not exactly in the sound shape to give evidence in that sort of manner. 00.40.03 Sue Lloyd-Roberts So it was an extraordinary thing to do? 00.40.04 Madeleine Rees It was extraordinary and entirely inappropriate, entirely inappropriate. 00.40.09 Sue Lloyd-Roberts I believe that Klein and the STOP team are trying now to repair the tarnished reputation of the United Nations in Sarajevo. The trouble is after weeks of research and travelling to six countries, still we're getting reports of cover-up and of internal investigations being impeded in the past, which doesn't help. 00.40.30 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Others argue that the macho attitude prevailing among the mainly male peacekeepers can only be tackled by a strong message backed up by appropriate punitive action. 00.40.42 Aston RICHARD MONK Former Commissioner International Police What we must make clear to all international police officers and I hope soldiers too, is that it is totally unacceptable to consort with prostitutes. Now, I'd like to see that written into the discipline codes and it's just emphatic and clear a statement – you will not go to prostitutes and that includes trafficked girls. 00.41.02 Richard Monk There is no room for this 'boys will be boys', it's not acceptable, you will not know the difference between girls and trafficked girls and you will probably try and use one as a defence for the other. So, quite clearly, a statement, which says – this will be an offence, it is totally unacceptable and you will be court martialed if you're caught doing it. 00.41.24 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Back in Amsterdam Kathy would argue that that was exactly what she had tried to do; send out a strong message. 00.41.31 Sue Lloyd-Roberts But as for punishing the offenders, Jacques Paul Klein would argue that his hands are tied. 00.41.37 Jacques Paul Klein It's easy to make allegations and false statements. It's harder to prove ultimately. And there is a rule of law in your country and internationally that we also have to respect. The individual has rights as well, the IPTF officer, even though he is accused. It would be nicer to have an internal mechanism to discipline officers. 00.41.55 Jacques Paul Klein My policy here is zero tolerance, they're sent home. The problem is your country and no other country will waive diplomatic immunity. It's just that simple so nothing is going to happen, no matter how much you and I conjure about what should be done, it will not happen. 00.42.08 Sue Lloyd-Roberts Kathy meanwhile is looking for a new job. She's clearly bruised by the experience and can only hope that some good will come out of it. 00.42.18 Kathy Bolkovac You know, what they do to Kathy Bolkovac it doesn't, it doesn't make any difference to me, I mean if what I've said or what I say makes a difference and someone else is able to go forward and, and, to have courage to come forward at least after this is over that will make me feel better. But if more people just sit on the sidelines and say well look what happened to Kathy, she got fired, she has no career, we don't want to come forward and say anything the same thing will happen to us. 00.42.45 Kathy Bolkovac I mean they have to start rewarding people and they have to start looking for people who are willing to talk and I mean that may sound really awful, to a lot of police officers because police officers typically think you should cover-up with your, for your fellow police officers but that's not how I was raised. 00.43.08 Sue Lloyd-Roberts While those allegedly in charge of keeping the peace squabble about apportioning the blame, thousands of young women are still being held as sex slaves in Kosovo and Bosnia. 00.43.20 End Music 00.43.24 Voice over For more information on tonight's programme and to register your views, please visit our web site at: www.bbc.co.uk/correspondent 00.43.24 Credits Reporter SUE LLOYD-ROBERTS Camera PAUL GEERTSEN Dubbing Mixer MATTHEW KNIGHTS VT Editor BOYD NAGLE Graphic Design NICOLA OWEN Production Team] ALEXANDRA CAMERON CHARLOTTE DAVIS SARAH EVA MARTHA O'SULLIVAN Production Manager JANE WILLEY Unit Manager SUSAN CRIGHTON Film Research NICK DODD Research ANTONIA GREGORY JETA XHARRA FARIS DOBROCA LIVIU TIPURITA Picture Editor JOHN KERRY Directed & Produced by LODE DESMET Deputy Editor FARAH DURRANI 00.43.36 Voice over Next week – the children in Northern Iraq are supposed to be protected by the West. So why is the UN letting Saddam control who gets life saving medicines? 00.43.47 Editor KAREN O'CONNOR BBC © BBC MMII 00.43.52 End BBC Correspondent 1 1