Correspondent: When Peace Died Tx Date: 18th November 2000 This script was made from audio tape - any inaccuracies are due to voices being unclear or inaudible 00.00.00 Opening Music 00.00.06 Gunfire / shouting etc. 00.00.11 Jane Corbin A Palestinian boy dies under a hail of bullets. His father tried in vain to protect him. 00.00.19 Jane Corbin A mob beats two men to death. Then the triumphant display of the blood of an Israeli. 00.00.25 Music 00.00.27 Jane Corbin These images have replaced the image of peace that was promised seven years ago. 00.00.32 Music 00.00.34 Jane Corbin Those who negotiated the Oslo Accords wanted to build a new trust between old enemies. 00.00.40 Music 00.00.43 Abu Ala This is not a partnership, this is not a peace, this is not an atmosphere of peace. 00.00.49 Uri Savir Something dramatic must happen, something positive must happen to rescue this. 00.00.55 Music 00.00.58 Jane Corbin Now an Israeli family is mourning - they were promised an end to the violence, peace with their neighbours. 00.01.05 Music 00.01.08 Jane Corbin A Palestinian child has become a martyr for a land his people were told would be freed from occupation. 00.01.15 Music 00.01.17 Title Page When Peace Died 00.01.24 Jane Corbin Mohammed was their favourite. Twelve years old, bright and strong. 00.01.29 Jane Corbin His father Jamal Al-Durrah is in hospital in Jordan undergoing surgery to rebuild his shattered limbs. 00.01.37 Jane Corbin Amal, his wife, is there with him. 00.01.40 Jane Corbin They recall the day back home in Gaza that started with a request from a boy who loved cars and ended in tragedy. 00.01.54 Aston JAMAL AL-DURRAH Voice over It was Saturday, I was doing some odd jobs at home and Mohammed came and said; 'let's go to the second hand car market'. We went together but the market wasn't good that day. So I told Mohammed let's go back home. 00.02.17 Jane Corbin That day, September the thirtieth, tension was building in Gaza. 00.02.23 Jane Corbin At the Netzarim junction the Israeli army command post, a Palestinian police building and hundreds of youths formed the ingredients of a lethal cocktail. 00.02.36 Jane Corbin By ten o'clock the anger boiled over. Nine Palestinians had died the day before in the Jerusalem riots, after the visit of an Israeli politician to the site of the Great Mosques. 00.02.50 Jane Corbin At Netzarim the Israelis responded to the stones and firebombs with tear gas and rubber bullets. 00.03.00 Aston AMAL AL-DURRAH Voice over There was a strike that day and shooting was going on. My husband had advised me the night before not to let the kids go to school in the morning. So because I was worried about them they didn't go to school. I thought his father might have taken Mohammed to the car market to stop him from going to Netzarim and getting into trouble. So I was happy and thought there'd be no problems. 00.03.28 Jane Corbin At Netzarim the situation worsened as youths were hit by rubber bullets. 00.03.33 Jane Corbin A Palestinian cameraman working for French television arrived to film the events. 00.03.39 Talal Abu Rahmeh Since the morning it was hundreds of youths throwing stones. Israelis answered by rubber bullets, tear gas, rubber bullets, tear gas. 00.03.49 Shouting 00.03.51 Aston TALAL ABU RAHMEH FR2 Cameraman Until the situation blow up, you know, shooting from all directions. Just whom, who was shooting I really don't know. But it was a lot of shooting. 00.04.04 Gunfire 00.04.05 Jane Corbin The Israelis claim they came under fire from six different places. The Palestinians admit there was shooting from their security forces. 00.04.14 Jane Corbin On one side of the Netzarim junction stood a large Israeli army outpost. Diagonally opposite, a hundred yards away, Palestinian security forces in another building. 00.04.25 Jane Corbin This was the stage onto which the Al-Durrah's blundered, on their way home during a lull in the shooting. 00.04.31 Jane Corbin The cameraman was opposite them. 00.04.40 Jamal Al-Durrah Voice over The area where Mohammed and I were standing was deserted because it was far from where the trouble was happening. 00.04.52 Jamal Al-Durrah Voice over Then all of a sudden there was shooting. It was continuous and heavy automatic gunfire. So then I grabbed Mohammed. We tried to hide behind that water tank, which you've seen in the picture. 00.05.17 Talal Abu Rahmeh I saw the boy and the father against the wall, behind that big stone. 00.05.24 Talal Abu Rahmeh Then after a while I heard the boy screaming, I went back to him. Then the, the father was holding the boy, trying to protect the boy, was waving in his hand and the boy tried to, to hide himself in his father's shoulder and the father try to hide himself and he was waving in his hand to stop. It was clear, you know. 00.05.50 Shouting / gunfire etc. 00.06.01 Jamal Al-Durrah Voice over The first bullet hit him in the right knee. Mohammed screamed; 'Father, I've been shot'. I told him not to worry; an ambulance will arrive soon and take you. He told me; 'Father, I'm not scared, I'm not scared. Don't worry about me Father, don't worry about me Father, don't' worry, don't worry.' 00.06.34 Jamal Al-Durrah Voice over I put my right hand up begging them to stop shooting. I shouted; 'Stop shooting, stop shooting, stop shooting'. 00.06.47 Talal Abu Rahmeh The bullets, it was like rain. Bullets, I never saw shooting in my life like this. When the dust was clear, went out, I saw the boy laying down in his father's lap and the father going dizzy like this. 00.07.07 Talal Abu Rahmeh In that minute I was sure the boy got killed. I was screaming; 'the boy is dead, the boy is dead'. 00.07.15 Shouting / gunfire etc. 00.07.25 Jamal Al-Durrah Voice over I looked at Mohammed and I saw his head lying over my right side and the bullets had burst through his back. Then I realised that Mohammed had become a martyr. And at that moment I prayed the Martyr's Prayer. And I said to him; 'My son, my son, I've tried to protect you with my own body but I failed'. 00.07.54 Talal Abu Rahmeh They kept shooting in him, believe me, they kept shooting in him. The boy was bleeding more than fifteen to twenty minutes, when he lay down on his father's lap and look, he was bleeding from the stomach. The ambulance cannot come or enter to save him, maybe after twenty minutes from the boy lay down in his father's lap. 00.08.22 Amal Al-Durrah Voice over I was sitting at home watching television, trying to follow the news about the Intifada and I saw the injured and the martyrs. Then suddenly Mohammed's picture appeared amongst the images on the TV. 00.08.37 Amal Al-Durrah Voice over A quarter of an hour later I saw his body coming home, I couldn't believe what I was seeing. I'd spent the day cleaning the house and cooking so Mohammed would have a nice meal when he got home. I mean I had nothing to do apart from waiting for Mohammed and his father to come home for lunch. But when he came, Mohammed came home as a Martyr. 00.09.00 Jane Corbin At Netzarim junction the Israelis bulldozed everything except their own command post. It's difficult now to prove exactly where the bullets were fired from. 00.09.11 Jane Corbin At first the army claimed that Mohammed had been caught in the crossfire. Later they said there was a 'high probability' that Israeli gunfire killed the boy. 00.09.23 Jane Corbin Mohammed's grandfather now tends the Al-Durrah's empty home. He's been a refugee since 1948 - his home in Palestine now Israeli territory. 00.09.36 Jane Corbin The house has become a shrine. From the life of an ordinary boy in a poor family a legend is being created of a child who wanted to become a martyr. 00.09.47 Jane Corbin Mohammed's face has become the symbol of a new uprising - an Intifada. 00.09.52 Music 00.09.53 Aston Palestinian Television 00.09.55 Jane Corbin Palestinian television broadcasts the message loud and clear. Mohammed will lead the Al Aksa Intifada for the Holy Mosques, for Jerusalem the capital of a Palestinian state. 00.10.06 Music 00.10.12 Song Subtitles This place witnessed the Zionist aggression... that killed Mohammed Jamal al-Durrah in cold blood. 00.10.24 Gunshot 00.10.26 Aston ABU ALA Palestinian Negotiator, Oslo Accords We have no trust in the Israelis, honestly. Not even as many as one person of trust we don't have. After they are killing our children, they are shooting our people. 00.10.39 Aston URI SAVIR Israeli Negotiator, Oslo Accords We are here to stay. They are here to stay and there will be peace between us. The only tragic question is - how many people will have to die until this finally happens? 00.10.48 Music 00.10.50 Jane Corbin In Or Aqiva, a small town in northern Israel, there was uneasiness, a sense that revenge for what happened in Gaza would strike somewhere before long. 00.10.59 Music 00.11.01 Jane Corbin But this quiet place, with its Russian immigrant community, went about their daily lives believing themselves safe, far from the violence. 00.11.08 Music 00.11.14 Jane Corbin For the Norzich family this was an eventful time. 00.11.19 Jane Corbin Mikhail and his brother Vadim had immigrated to Israel from Siberia seven years ago. Now Vadim was getting married. 00.11.30 Aston MIKHAIL NORZICH Voice over He had been unemployed recently. He'd work here and there on various odd jobs. He was organising money for his wedding. Everything revolved around the wedding. 00.11.44 Jane Corbin Vadim Norzich and his bride Irena were expecting a child. They'd only been married for five days when Vadim learned he was being called up, not for front line duty but as a driver in the army. 00.12.00 Aston IRENA NORZICH Voice over That morning the mood was happy, I didn't have anything particular to worry about. But something was bothering me, somehow I felt very sad because a parting is a parting. So I asked him to be careful. He said everything would be ok, don't you worry. 00.12.24 Jane Corbin On October the twelfth Vadim Norzich headed off in his car with another Israeli reservist for their army camp in the disputed territory of the West Bank. 00.12.33 Jane Corbin They took a short cut turning off to Ramallah, an Arab city, instead of taking the longer but safer by-pass round the town to the camp. 00.12.43 Jane Corbin They were waved through the Israeli checkpoint, just off the highway, by soldiers thinking they were headed to an army camp a hundred yards further on. 00.12.53 Jane Corbin But Vadim continued driving for almost a mile to the Palestinian police checkpoint at the entrance to Ramallah. 00.13.01 Jane Corbin The Israelis should have been turned back there. No one knows what happened but the car and its occupants continued on into the town. 00.13.14 Jane Corbin Their arrival coincided with a funeral of a youth who'd been killed in confrontations with the Israeli army the day before. 00.13.23 Jane Corbin Twelve local men had already died in the riots, including members of the Palestinian security forces. 00.13.34 Jane Corbin The Palestinian police deny that they arrested the two reservists at the checkpoint. The Israeli army believes the men were forcibly abducted. 00.13.44 Mob shouting 00.13.46 Jane Corbin An angry mob gathered as Vadim and his colleague were hustled into the police station. 00.13.52 Jane Corbin A rumour swept the crowd that the men were from a special undercover army unit. 00.13.56 Mob shouting 00.14.02 Jane Corbin The local police chief was summoned from nearby as about two dozen armed police and security men ringed the roof of the building. 00.14.09 Shouting 00.14.15 Aston Colonel KAMAL SHEIKH Ramallah Police Chief Voice over When I reached the administration office I saw the two Israeli soldiers. One was wearing an army uniform, the other a white T-shirt and military trousers. They didn't speak English and I couldn't speak Hebrew. Through body language and signals I made them understand I would do my best to protect them. 00.14.37 Jane Corbin Camera teams were already in Ramallah covering the funeral. Amongst them an Israeli woman working for a foreign television station. 00.14.50 Aston ETTI WISELTER Television Producer Voice over We drove to the place immediately. When we arrived, the whole situation had got out of hand. People were telling us don't take pictures. We said ok but then we made our way to the police station gates. 00.15.07 Mob shouting 00.15.10 Jane Corbin By now news of an incident in Ramallah was being reported on army radio back in Israel. Vadim's wife heard the report in the grocery store. 00.15.22 Irena Norzich Voice over I called his mobile but there was no answer and then someone answered the phone. I said; 'Vadim'. But the phone was immediately switched off and it stayed off. 00.15.34 Mob shouting 00.15.36 Jane Corbin At this point a camera caught the Police Chief inside the station trying to keep people away. 00.15.45 Colonel Kamal Sheikh Voice over I called the riot police to try to help me stop the crowds forcing their way into the police station. The riot police arrived but they couldn't get through the gates because the crowds had broken the back door and already got in. 00.16.01 Mob shouting 00.16.02 Jane Corbin The riot police did not force the crowd back. 00.16.07 Etti Wiselter Voice over I think I saw the Palestinian police trying to stop it but they weren't pursuing it aggressively. They didn't shoot, all they did was shout and stand there looking helpless as the mob charged past them. 00.16.19 Mob shouting 00.16.33 Irena Norzich Voice over I somehow realised something had happened to him, that it was Vadim who had been captured. But I had no proof. I phoned Vadim's mother and asked if there was any news. She said there was no news and he hadn't phoned. His base had called; everybody was looking for him. 00.16.58 Mob shouting 00.17.08 Colonel Kamal Sheikh Voice over I covered him with my body to try to protect him but they threw me off him. They kicked me, they punched me, banged me against the wall. I tried again but they beat me again, threw a fax machine at me, chairs, sticks, iron bars. Nobody can ever imagine what happened in that room. 00.17.29 Mob shouting 00.17.40 Etti Wiselter Voice over I saw someone at the window with blood on his hands, shouting and inciting the mob and then I saw the corpse fall. 00.17.49 Mob shouting 00.18.03 Aston ETTI WISELTER Television Producer Voice over I saw the mob charging in with lots of knives. I can't say how many knives there were - three or three hundred. It seemed like a lot to me. I saw a knife flashing in the sun with blood on it, a flashing blade covered in blood. 00.18.21 Etti Wiselter Voice over The mob was ecstatic, as if they were in a trance. They were completely ecstatic; it was impossible to stop them. 00.18.30 Jane Corbin Vadim's body was dragged down the street to the main square and set alight by the mob. 00.18.37 Jane Corbin His family knew only that he was missing. 00.18.44 Aston IRENA NORZICH Voice over I thought if we hadn't heard anything then everything is ok but I had no time to think it through. At that very moment there was a knock on the door and the military came in. Here I realised everything without them saying a word. I realised that, yes, it had happened to Vadim. 00.19.07 Mikhail Norzich Voice over The officer asked me who I was. I said; 'I'm Mikhail Norzich'. He asked if Vadim was my brother. At that moment I understood everything. I remember that I asked, I said to him; 'don't say that, say it's not right'. He embraced me and said; 'I'm sorry, it is right'. 00.19.37 Jane Corbin Vadim Norzich's mutilated body was handed over to the Israeli army. So too was his dying colleague. 00.19.47 Jane Corbin At the local liaison post the brigade commander received the bodies of the two men - not combat soldiers but older part-time reservists. 00.19.57 Aston Colonel GAL HIRSCH IDF Commander I won't forget. I won't forgive. It was not a thing that one can see and forget. And as the commander of these two old reserves that were murdered there under the open eyes of Palestinian officials, I won't forgive. 00.20.24 Jane Corbin When Vadim Norzich was buried the whole nation mourned as the funeral was broadcast. 00.20.31 Jane Corbin There was no parade through the streets, no cries for revenge, just a cold leaden despair. 00.20.41 Jane Corbin The Ramallah lynching was a turning point, an indelible stain on the peace process. 00.20.47 Mikhail Norzich Subtitles I have been to the hospital... they opened his coffin for me. I saw with my own eyes what they did to him. Humans could not do such a thing - only animals. We are God's children and they belong to Satan. What can we do against the children of Satan? 00.21.09 Helicopters 00.21.11 Jane Corbin Israeli helicopter gun ships fired their missiles the same day with surgical precision, through the very window of the room in which the men had been beaten. 00.21.21 Explosion 00.21.27 Jane Corbin And the cycle of retribution went on. 00.21.35 Jane Corbin The Israelis destroyed the police station where the Palestinian mob had exacted their revenge for what happened in Gaza. 00.21.44 Aston ABU ALA Palestinian Negotiator, Oslo Accords It's a reaction of anger. I'm not giving an excuse but this is really, it is the Palestinians who are angry about the Israeli way to killing the Palestinian. Up to the moment there are about two hundred people who's been killed by the Israelis and more than eight thousand are wounded. 00.22.04 Aston URI SAVIR Israeli Negotiator, Oslo Accords I know there's a bad side about human beings. I know the Palestinians who hate our guts. I know that Palestinians who may be ashamed to their country and Israelis who are ashamed to my country. So what? If Israelis will start to believe that all Palestinians are like those who committed the lynch there's no chance. 00.22.25 Music 00.22.31 Jane Corbin The violence has brought back the barriers that the peace process was supposed to gradually dismantle. 00.22.38 Jane Corbin Gaza was meant to be the spearhead of Palestinian self rule with an independent economy. 00.22.45 Jane Corbin But the reality is that this strip, over a million people crowded in refugee camps with no infrastructure, sandwiched between the sea and Israel, has little future without the good will of its neighbour. 00.22.58 Music 00.23.04 Jane Corbin In the slums of the Bourij refugee camp, the young cousins of Mohammed Al-Durrah have few prospects ahead of them. 00.23.12 Music 00.23.20 Jane Corbin Their father Riad and the large Al-Durrah clan gather to commemorate the boy's death after forty days of mourning. 00.23.28 Jane Corbin This is just one family in thousands whose lives have been almost untouched by the Oslo peace process. More than a third of all Palestinians are below the poverty line and it's getting even worse. 00.23.44 Aston RIAD AL-DURRAH Voice over With peace we expected that we'd be able to rest, to have some sort of stability, live a normal life, but it's the opposite. Now, since the peace agreement, the Israelis have made our working life harder. 00.24.01 Jane Corbin Billions in aid has been poured into Gaza but only the elite of Arafat's Palestinian Authority have grown fatter through corruption. 00.24.11 Jane Corbin For the ordinary man, Gaza is still just an open-air prison. 00.24.16 Jane Corbin Riad took me up to the border. 00.24.19 Jane Corbin He's one of a hundred and twenty thousand Palestinians who has the precious permits which allow him to work in Israel. 00.24.26 Jane Corbin It's a long, humiliating procedure, going through the daily security checks. And now the violence has closed the border yet again. 00.24.35 Jane Corbin So this is your Israeli pass, it enables you to work in Israel? 00.24.41 Riad Al-Durrah Subtitles Every morning the Israeli soldier checks all these documents. Then I'm told whether I'm allowed in for work that day or not. 00.24.54 Jane Corbin And how often has this border been closed in the past year, how many days have you been unable to work because of closures? 00.25.00 Riad Al-Durrah Subtitles Sometimes it's days, sometimes months. It depends on how serious the problems are. 00.25.11 Aston URI SAVIR Israeli Negotiator, Oslo Accords We should have permitted more freedom of movement. We should have been more generous on some of the economic trade issues. We should have co-operated more by our own initiative. It's not that the mistakes were all on Israel's side. And I tell you something about nation building. Ultimately and I don't say it out of paternalism, I say it out of friendship - nation building is about self-reliance. 00.25.37 Aston ABU ALA Palestinian Negotiator, Oslo Accords It's still under their control. It's still, they can kill the economy today and they can give some kind of hopes tomorrow. The passage is under their control. Even collecting taxes it's under their control. 00.25.56 Jane Corbin The peace process promised to ease the tyranny of occupation - to hand back Palestinian land. But the Israeli army's jeeps still escort the settlers to their enclaves inside Gaza. 00.26.08 Jane Corbin And when a new Israeli government opposed to Oslo came to power, agreed withdrawals weren't implemented. 00.26.18 Aston RIAD AL-DURRAH Voice over The land we got back as a result of the peace agreement isn't what we expected or dreamed of having back. The Israelis tried to give us the minimum amount of land and even the land they returned to us is not completely ours but has settlements inside it. 00.26.41 Abu Ala Look settlements it's a real obstacle to peace. Under the umbrella of this aggression they are continuing constructing settlements, expanding settlement, constructing by-pass roads and connecting the settlement and surrounding the Palestinian areas. 00.27.01 Music 00.27.05 Jane Corbin Since the creation of the state of Israel, Jewish settlements have been built on disputed land in strategic areas or places of religious significance. 00.27.15 Jane Corbin The Oslo Accords promised a freeze on such building until the final borders were agreed. But settlements on the West Bank were allowed to expand. 00.27.26 Jane Corbin Around the Arab town of Ramallah, Jewish communities like the settlement of Psagot are still growing. 00.27.32 Music 00.27.37 Jane Corbin Psagot means 'the peak'. It was founded nineteen years ago on top of the hill overlooking Ramallah. The Oslo peace deal handed control of Ramallah to the Palestinians. A hundred and eighty thousand Arabs live here. 00.27.51 Jane Corbin There's always been a barbed wire fence between their white washed houses and the Jewish settlement. 00.27.57 Jane Corbin But now Psagot is a fortress; manned by the Israeli army and volunteers from the settler's community. 00.28.06 Jane Corbin The two hundred and forty families here feel under siege and they're all digging in for a long and bitter war of attrition. 00.28.19 Jane Corbin Since the lynching of the army reservists in Ramallah and the gun ships retaliation, Palestinian gunmen have been firing into Psagot almost every night. 00.28.30 Jane Corbin One of the settlers, Chaim Bloch, took me to a house where his neighbour had had a narrow escape. 00.28.37 Chaim Bloch The bullet came through this hole, exploded the glass and hit the opposite wall, then into the cupboard over there. Tifat was at the sink, she had gone a second before and she was on her way back, she just turned back when it, boom, it crashed over and she was full of glass and dust and she, she checked to make sure that she was alive. She said, thank God I'm alive and she rushed to check on her five and a half week old baby and thank God everybody was ok. 00.29.06 Jane Corbin Chaim believes the nightly shooting is a foretaste of what is to come. He was bitterly opposed to the Oslo Accords and feared Israel would ultimately hand back almost all the West Bank, abandoning some settlements and leaving others to the mercy of the Palestinians. 00.29.23 Aston CHAIM BLOCH The whole idea of Oslo saying that we can trust them, they are now partners of peace, we can give them rifles, we can give them guns, it's to protect the peace, they'll use these guns against their people that are against the peace, nothing to worry about. And now we see that the worst in our wildest dreams are coming true, that they're shooting day in and day out, every night they're shooting at these houses, they're shooting at our soldiers. 00.29.49 Uri Savir I'm against settlements but as long as settlements are there we need to secure them. Now it's not easy to convince the Palestinians that we secure them in order to ultimately take them out but they're are people, we sent them there as governments. 00.30.07 Jane Corbin Brigade Commander Gal Hirsch and his soldiers form the buffer between the settlements and the Palestinians in Ramallah. 00.30.15 Jane Corbin Since the lynching there have been riots and deaths every day in the town. He believes it's part of a deliberate strategy. 00.30.23 Colonel Gal Hirsch The Palestinian Authority and Chairman Arafat do not want a peaceful peace. He wants a state with bloodshed, with riots, with fire. 00.30.38 Jane Corbin Gal Hirsch took me to his observation point overlooking Ramallah. 00.30.43 Jane Corbin The Oslo peace process established Israeli co-operation with security forces on the other side and promised an end to terror and suicide bombs. 00.30.53 Jane Corbin Gal himself was ambushed and badly wounded by Palestinian gunmen two years ago but he was determined to return to the brigade. 00.31.02 Colonel Gal Hirsch I feel my conscience as an Israeli, as an army officer is totally clean. We've done our best over the last eight years. 00.31.14 Aston Colonel GAL HIRSCH IDF Commander I've had a dream, to be here in command of brigade that will applicate and fulfil the peace process and the peace agreement. And Israeli society and the state of Israel has paid a very high price for peace process with Palestinians. 00.31.34 Jane Corbin Now below in Ramallah, Gal's soldiers face stones and bullets and they return fire. 00.31.40 Gunfire 00.31.45 Jane Corbin I crossed back to the other side to the scene of a daily ritual and a deadly one. 00.31.51 Jane Corbin A group of tough looking young men are organising the youths. 00.31.54 Sirens 00.32.00 Jane Corbin The ambulances are waiting for the inevitable casualties. But more Palestinians move forward to take the place of those who fall. 00.32.10 Jane Corbin This has become a new Intifada, an uprising. But as well as the stones and the firebombs there are snipers in the buildings. 00.32.18 Jane Corbin The Israelis insist the resistance is encouraged and controlled from above. 00.32.28 Colonel Gal Hirsch We know them, we are living with them for many years and we just know that when Chairman Arafat and the Palestinian Authority decides to move on the street, that's a kind of weapon. So they say it's not us, it's them, the street, we cannot control it. 00.32.48 Sirens 00.32.56 Jane Corbin Marwan Barghouti is a powerful man on the streets of Ramallah. He is the head of Arafat's Fatah organisation and controls its armed militia here. 00.33.08 Jane Corbin Mr Barghouti insists the uprising is spontaneous. 00.33.17 Aston MARWAN BARGHOUTI Fatah Leader It's an Intifada. Nobody moves the people, push the people and they are not working according to the remote control. The people coming from their houses, women, children, youth, old men and everybody come into the streets and participate. 00.33.34 Gunfire 00.33.43 Colonel Gal Hirsch You can see that Mr Barghouti is running the street. We have our intelligence, we know exactly who gives the orders. I do not believe that Marwan Barghouti give orders without being in good co-ordination and co-operation with Palestinian Authority officials, especially Chairman Arafat. 00.34.12 Jane Corbin Whoever controls the Intifada, its expression is largely through stones and firebombs and its foot soldiers are often children. 00.34.25 Jane Corbin And on the other side there are trained troops in armoured vehicles. 00.34.31 Jane Corbin It's an unequal contest between David. 00.34.34 Gunshot 00.34.34 Jane Corbin And Goliath. 00.34.37 Colonel Gal Hirsch You see, low intensity conflicts are a special kind of war because the weak side have a unique strength and Palestinians use the strength of the weak. 00.34.53 Marwan Barghouti Throwing stones on the tank - what will it do? Do you think that it will damage the, destroy the tank? They can deal with other way, with the children, with the people who are protesting. 00.35.13 Marwan Barghouti The Israeli soldiers can do that; they can prevent to shoot live bullets on these children but they choose to do that. 00.35.23 Colonel Gal Hirsch One who takes children as a part of the game and use them as a provocation and put children in the frontlines of the riot, give them firebombs in their hands, Molotov cocktails, stones and even weapons, should not be surprised of any results of this kind of behaviour. 00.35.48 Aston URI SAVIR Israeli Negotiator, Oslo Accords Just to say that the Palestinians have even justified grievances doesn't justify violence. And obviously Israel is not going to throw stones at stones so there is a cycle of violence, there is a cycle of pain and there is a cycle of casualties and it won't stop. 00.36.06 Music 00.36.12 Jane Corbin In Israel people are turning their backs on a peace process, which they now feel can never guarantee their safety or create any trust between the two sides. 00.36.22 Music 00.36.29 Jane Corbin In Or Aqiva they are playing 'Missing You', Vadim Norzich's favourite record, as his brother Mikhail arrives at the local radio station. 00.36.38 Music 00.36.41 Jane Corbin People from all over the country want to pass on their condolences to the family and to give voice to their own anger and their fears. 00.36.49 Music 00.36.53 Radio presenter Subtitles On the 12th October, the very fabric of this country... felt the impact of hatred and what it can lead to. In a barbaric lynching, whose baseness... we have not yet found words to describe... two IDF soldiers were slaughtered in Ramallah. We have here Mikhail Norzich... brother of Vadim, may he rest in peace. 00.37.17 Jane Corbin There is no forgiveness for what happened in Ramallah. And there is also a growing sense now in Israel that the only solution is to put up a wall between the two communities, to end any attempt at the co-existence, which Oslo had promised. 00.37.36 Mikhail Norzich Subtitles They've been unmasked. Now they're worried people will see them for what they are. 00.37.41 Radio presenter Subtitles We are too far apart - too different? So we should stay apart? 00.37.45 Mikhail Norzich Subtitle A fence, a border, two separate states... 00.37.49 Radio presenter Subtitle Is this the solution? Mikhail Norzich Subtitle Yes. 00.37.51 Jane Corbin There is though but one capital, Jerusalem, even if there are two different states. 00.37.58 Jane Corbin The dome of the Holy Mosque reminds the next generation of Palestinian children, even in Gaza, of the goal they must attain. 00.38.07 Jane Corbin In Mohammed Al-Durrah's school the desk of the Al Aksa martyr stands empty - a reminder of his sacrifice. 00.38.19 Aston RAID AL-DURRAH Voice over There will always be war and struggle between us. There'll never be a solution; we are not giving up anything and if they don't understand that then the war of attrition and confrontation will go on forever. There will never be absolute peace unless we have Jerusalem. 00.38.48 Jane Corbin The Israelis insist they will not give up sovereignty over Jerusalem. 00.38.55 Jane Corbin Their holiest site lies beneath the Arab mosques. 00.38.59 Singing 00.39.03 Jane Corbin The Oslo Accords deliberately left the fate of the city to be resolved at the end. Their hope that a new-found trust would bring about a solution now looks forlorn. 00.39.15 Aston CHAIM BLOCH We, we pray there every day. A Jew for thousands of years, thousands of years, every day in his prayers doesn't turn to Mecca, doesn't turn to Wall Street, he turns to Jerusalem. That is our centre of our belief, that is the essence of our nationhood, Jerusalem, is Jerusalem. 00.39.35 Aston ABU ALA Palestinian Negotiator, Oslo Accords There will be no settlement, no agreement, no peace without Jerusalem. Even the conflict will continue for one hundred years. That's a matter, which they should understand. We cannot go for any agreement without Jerusalem as a capital in a Palestinian state. 00.39.59 Jane Corbin In Or Aqiva the Norzich family is laying the headstone for Vadim, as is the custom thirty days after he died. 00.40.07 Vadim's mother crying 00.40.16 Jane Corbin The peace process died for them and for thousands of Israelis that blood stained moment in the police station at Ramallah. 00.40.24 Vadim's mother crying 00.40.36 Aston IRENA NORZICH Voice over Yes I believed in peace. But now with the way things are, now with the state of things here in the country, we have a stark choice. It's us or them. 00.40.52 Singing 00.40.58 Aston MIKHAIL NORZICH Voice over This process was skewed from the beginning. Everything that happened after Oslo, everyone knows it didn't achieve anything. However much the Israelis gave, however much they negotiated the Arabs continued on the same path - violence and war. 00.41.16 Singing 00.41.20 Jane Corbin The agony of this Israeli family is mirrored over and over again in the Palestinian community, where even those who created Oslo, who believed in the peace process, are openly doubting its future. 00.41.37 Jane Corbin So are you optimistic now? 00.41.42 Abu Ala Unfortunately no. Unfortunately no. 00.41.50 Jane Corbin In Gaza there's no doubt the way that Mohammed Al-Durrah died will recruit yet more martyrs for the Intifada, more parents prepared to sacrifice their children. 00.42.06 Aston JAMAL AL-DURRAH Voice over Peace process - it's over. What kind of peace is it whilst the killing and bloodshed are still happening? 00.42.17 Amal Al-Durrah Voice over I don't consider it peace. The current troubles will persist as long as we have the Jews amongst us. Shooting, killing and martyrdom will go on. 00.42.26 Aston AMAL AL-DURRAH Voice over No one will ever forget him. No one will ever forget my son Mohammed, Arabs or foreigners, not the whole world. He's entered into the history books. No one will ever forget Mohammed. No one will ever forget the scene of his martyrdom. 00.42.42 Jane Corbin Every morning the children of Gaza gather to sing a new song. 00.42.49 Child singing Subtitles The sound of stones is the sound of anger. Little hands are carrying stones to challenge aggression. The martyr Mohammed is there and everyone can see him. His father shielding him... and his mother saw everything. His blood is calling for a holy war. 00.43.25 Uri Savir We have to look at these images, not as some people say this is a result of Oslo, that is utter stupidity to say this. This is the alternative to Oslo. We have to keep these pictures in mind in order to know that the handshake between Rabin and Arafat is the alternative to this. And those who say let's put an end to Oslo, will have many more of these pictures. 00.43.59 Children singing Subtitles With our blood and our lives we will sacrifice ourselves for Jerusalem. 00.44.11 Jane Corbin Blood and sacrifice - the image is everywhere. 00.44.16 Jane Corbin Peace has been abandoned for a long time to come. 00.44.20 Jane Corbin On both sides the trust has now gone. Everyone fears there will be no end to the vengeance. 00.44.26 Children singing 00.44.33 Credits www.bbc.co.uk/correspondent Reporter JANE CORBIN Camera ANDREW PSARIANOS MIKE SPOONER Dubbing Mixer FRANK SCHULMEYER VT Editor BOYD NAGLE Graphic Design NICOLA OWEN Production Team HANNAH BARROWMAN RACHALE DAVIES MARTHA ESTCOURT Production Manager JANE WILLEY Unit Manager IRENE OZGA Film Research NICK DODD Researcher ALA MASHARAWI ALAN REICH Picture Editor RYSHARD OPYRCHAL Producers FRANK SMITH JOHN THYNNE Series Producer FARAH DURRANI 00.44.53 Editor FIONA MURCH (c)BBC MM 00.44.56 End BBC Correspondent 21 23