The explosion happened in the Afghan capital, Kabul.
Afghan police said a bomber had driven a taxi filled with explosives into a bus carrying the soldiers.
Dozens of people were hurt. The road was closed and a helicopter was sent to help get the injured people to hospital.
The bus was carrying 33 peacekeepers, who were returning to Germany after spending six months working in Afghanistan.
It is not yet known who was responsible for the blast, but some local officials think it was planned by members of the Taleban or Bin Laden's terror organisation al-Qaeda.
About 5,000 international peacekeepers have been sent to Kabul to make the local people feel safer.