The centre will share information on asteroids with another centre called Spaceguard UK who also look at the risk of asteroids crashing into the planet.
Although the chance of a giant asteroid hitting the Earth is very small, it's still important for research to be done to keep an eye on comets and other objects in space.
An asteroid which is thought to have collided with Earth 65 million years ago might have caused dinosaurs to be extinct.
But experts say there are no known NEOs on course to crash into Earth and one hitting us is extremely unlikely anyway.