Further steps
Despite years of research, no effective vaccine has yet emerged onto the market. But concern over the prevalence of the disease has led to internationally-backed initiatives to tackle malaria - for example Roll Back Malaria, which aims to halve malaria deaths globally by 2010.
The focus is on improving prevention and enabling effective medication. One key measure is sleeping under bed nets treated with insecticide as malarial mosquitoes generally bite at night. But in general in sub-Saharan Africa such protection has only been available to a tiny proportion of the most vulnerable - young children and pregnant women. Governments and organisations involved in RBM are now working to get treated nets to those who need them most and claim successes in recent campaigns, notably in Togo.
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