In pictures: Malawi village

At the local school, deputy headmistress Juliana Kantazi sees little evidence of a change in Njoho’s sexual practices. Of her 682 pupils, 156 are orphans - 41 more than in October 2004.

“We just have to look at their faces and clothes to know they are orphans,” says Juliana.

“Sometimes they don’t come to school because they have to work in the fields to grow food. We’ve seen many promising pupils fall by the wayside.”