Former first minister Donald Dewar has been ranked a greater Scot than the inventors of the telephone and penicillin, according to a new poll.
In the survey for Stirling University and the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, William Wallace came first, with 36% of 1,000 votes.
Robert Burns, ranked next with 16% of votes, then Robert the Bruce, with 12%.
More than one in ten people in Scotland could not think of any great Scottish historical figure to nominate.
Dewar, the first person to take the post of first minister, made it into fourth place, with 4% of votes.
The politician, who died of a brain haemorrhage in 2000, narrowly beat Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.
John Logie Baird and Alexander Graham Bell, who respectively invented the television and telephone, won 2% of votes each, as did Mary Queen of Scots.
'Patriotic hero'
Another Labour leader, John Smith, who died prematurely of a heart attack in 1994, attracted 1% of votes.
King James I, the Reformation figure John Knox, Rob Roy MacGregor, Bonnie Prince Charlie, economist Adam Smith and industrialist Andrew Carnegie also mustered 1% of the vote.
Dr Michael Penman, of the university's history department, said: "By identifying those figures whom Scots choose to celebrate at any given time we can learn a lot about changes in Scottish politics, culture and identity.
"For example, the project has looked at how William Wallace has become Scotland's ultimate patriotic hero but also a champion of the working class, overshadowing the royal figure of Robert the Bruce."
The findings have inspired an exhibition, Great Scot, which will open on Friday at the Scottish Portrait Gallery.
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