The fire is thought to have started in a cafe at Birmingham International, which serves the city's airport and the National Exhibition Centre.
Passengers and staff were forced to leave the building. There are no reports of any injuries.
Travellers at the station are already affected by overrunning engineering works on the West Coast Mainline and have been having to use buses.
A spokesman for West Midlands Fire and Rescue said a small fire had broken out in a cafe shortly after 1000 GMT but had been quickly put out.
Crews would be at the scene for a short time after dampening down to ensure everything was safe, he said.
National Rail Enquiries said trains were unable to call at the station for about two hours and delays were expected until early afternoon.
Buses are already in operation at the station as engineering work in Rugby is causing disruption.
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