Oliver Balicao, 33, is accused of raping the 16-year-old in a disabled toilet at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford on 12 March.
Mr Balicao, of Bicester, Oxfordshire, has admitted having sex with the girl, but said it was consensual.
Oxford Crown Court heard he allegedly attacked the girl while she was "tired and drowsy" following her treatment.
'Hated life'
He had taken her into the disabled toilets so she could provide a urine sample, the court heard.
After she fell over, he allegedly followed her in, shut the door and raped on her on the floor.
In a video interview played to the court on Monday, the teenager described how she took an overdose because she was being bullied at school and "hated life".
She was admitted to the accident and emergency department of the hospital, where she was in a cubicle alone.
Sam Mainds, prosecuting, said Mr Balicao went into the cubicle, kissed her and put his hands inside her dressing gown.
Mr Mainds said: "At that stage she didn't say anything because she was too tired and didn't believe what was going on."
'No encouragement'
He later returned, saying he needed to take a urine sample, which "was not strictly necessary", the court was told.
She was unable to provide a sample, but the nurse later took her back to try again, when he raped her, the court heard.
Mr Mainds said: "She at no stage gave him any encouragement at all and he therefore had sex with her, we say, very firmly against her will."
The court heard Mr Balicao stood up afterwards, said sorry, got the girl a clean dressing gown and helped her back to the cubicle.
The jury was told the defendant had earlier pleaded guilty to a charge of sexual activity with a child under 18 by a person in a position of trust.
The trial continues.
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