The 57-year-old man managed to drive himself to the city's Hope Hospital following the attack on Tuesday night. His condition is described as stable.
Police said the victim was stabbed a number of times after dropping off a group of up to four passengers at an address in Irlam O'th Heights.
Four women, aged between 18 and 22, and an 18-year-old man are in custody.
A spokesman said the taxi driver had picked up the passengers from Willows Social Rugby Club on Willows Road at about 1900 GMT.
He underwent emergency surgery at the hospital.
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