Work can now resume at the Backdale quarry near Longstone Edge, which has not been used since early 2007.
The inspector had banned Bleaklow Industries from taking limestone, but the judge overruled the decision.
Peak District Park Authority was not present at the hearing and said details of the decision were not available.
Neither quarry owner MMC Mineral Processing nor Bleaklow Industries were available for comment.
Limestone ban
MMC Mineral Processing argued it had permission to remove the stone dating back 56 years but local people and the authority said that should no longer apply.
The park authority said it would meet government ministers after it obtained details of the judgment and then decide what action to take.
The authority originally took enforcement action to stop alleged excess limestone removal from Backdale Quarry.
It said the judge had already indicated he did not agree with either the inspector's or the authority's interpretation of the original 1952 planning permission.
Longstone Edge is a three-mile-long limestone hill situated within sight of Chatsworth House to the north of Bakewell in the Peak District National Park.
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