It was only the second win in five warm-up matches for Nasser Hussain's men and their first against first-class opposition.
England dismissed the home side for 222 in less than a day's play but it is not just the scale of the win which will have raised confidence in the England camp.
Gough's form was a huge boost for England, who have called up Yorkshire's Chris Silverwood as cover for the first Test because of fitness concerns over Gough, Dean Headley and Andrew Flintoff.
Gough, who took four wickets in the first innings and two in the second, finished the match as England's most profitable bowler.
With the home side resuming on the last day at 360 runs behind, an England win had always appeared a formality.
But a stubborn 79-run partnership between Loots Bosman and Finley Brooker, interrupted for 45 minutes by lightning and rain, frustrated England for 24 overs and left them with only 33 overs to claim the final six wickets.
However left-arm spinner Phil Tufnell struck, taking three for 27, while Alan Mullally and Gough chipped in with a wicket apiece in the space of eight overs to leave victory in England's sights.
Last pair Garth Roe and Chrisjan Vorster stubbornly resisted - putting on 33 between them - but off-spinner Michael Vaughan, who has also been impressive in his main batting role, wrapped up the contest with 10.5 overs remaining.
Final day of four-day tour match between Free State/Griqualand West Combined XI and England at Goodyear Park
England first innings 358-9 declared
Free State/Griqualand West Combined XI first innings 194
(G.Liebenberg 93)
England second innings 211-1 declared (M.Butcher 87 not out, M.Atherton 81)
Free State/Griqualand West XI second innings
M.Gidley b Gough 11
G.Liebenberg c sub (Maddy) b Hamilton 12
F.Brooker b Vaughan 56
P.Barnard b Hamilton 16
M.van Wyk c Adams b Tufnell 21
L.Bosman lbw b Mullally 40
J.Van der Wath c Hamilton b Tufnell 11
W.Bossenger b Gough 9
H.Bakkes c Stewart b Tufnell 2
G.Roe not out 14
C Vorster b Vaughan 18
Extras (lb-7 nb-5) 12
Total 222
Fall of wickets: 1-20 2-33 3-53 4-83 5-162 6-166 7-186 8-188
9-189
Bowling:
Gough 19-5-52-2 (3nb)
Hamilton 14-2-39-2 (2nb),
Mullally 20-7-60-1
Tufnell 17-6-27-3
Vaughan 7.1-0-37-2.
Result: England won by 153 runs.
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