The talks had dragged on day and night
Lakhdar Brahimi asked the delegates to consider the proposals on forming an interim cabinet and come back with any amendments.
The development came after the idea of simultaneously agreeing an interim parliament was abandoned as being too complicated.
A UN spokesman at the conference centre told the BBC's diplomatic correspondent, Barnaby Mason, that Mr Brahimi's proposals had come after exhaustive discussions aimed at reconciling the positions of the factions.
The factions are due to meet again at about 0800 GMT on Sunday to discuss them.
Roles for everyone
Diplomats in touch with the negotiations expect the head of the executive to be a Pashtun from Afghanistan's largest ethnic group.
They believe the Northern Alliance of Tajiks, Uzbeks and Hazaras has accepted this, and one possibility is that the 87-year-old former monarch, Mohammed Zahir Shah, will formally nominate an agreed candidate to lead the executive.
Prominent members of the Northern Alliance, which has led the military campaign against the Taleban on the ground, can be expected to take several key ministries which they already run de facto, such as foreign affairs and the interior.
According to our correspondent, as well as establishing the interim executive, Mr Brahimi's document may also set out terms on which a multinational force could be deployed to ensure security and neutrality in Kabul.
In other developments:
The document is just the first stage in Mr Brahimi's plans, with a traditional Afghan assembly - a Loya Jerga - intended to meet in a few months' time to remould Afghanistan's institutions and lay the ground for a new constitution and elections.
Alliance bends
UN officials had originally hoped that agreement on the interim government could be reached on Saturday.
Progress had been held up by divisions within the Northern Alliance until its foreign minister, Abdullah Abdullah, announced that it was ready to transfer power to a transitional authority not headed by its leader, Burhanuddin Rabbani.
A BBC correspondent in Kabul says the popular mood in Kabul is overwhelmingly in favour of some sort of UN peacekeeping mission as the best guarantee of stability and Mr Rabbani's objections to peacekeepers and a broad-based government are out of touch with people's hopes.
The UN insists that it expects the Afghan leaders to hold to any agreement reached in Germany.
"We have Mr Rabbani's word that he will respect whatever comes out of the Bonn talks," a spokesman for Mr Brahimi, Ahmad Fawzi, said.
Besides the Northern Alliance, the conference brings together delegations from the former king and two other small exile groups.
Afghanistan's embattled Taleban are not represented at the conference.