US food drops have helped some Afghan civilians
Speaking in a BBC interview, Mrs Robinson said up to seven million people were at risk in Afghanistan, and there was little time to act before winter set in.
The UK International Development Secretary, Clare Short, has said there is a need to double the amount of aid currently getting into Afghanistan.
Aid agencies are having trouble carrying out food distributions as their main supplier, the World Food Programme (WFP), has largely stopped delivering food around Afghanistan.
Years of war
Mrs Robinson said the crisis was "almost like a Rwanda-style problem". Up to 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were massacred in Rwanda in 1994 and thousands of Hutus died in a subsequent exodus.
"There's been three years of famine in Afghanistan, there's been military conflict internally, now there's this military assault and I understand the reasons, but we have to have as a priority the civilian population and their need to be secured for the coming winter," Mrs Robinson told BBC television.
Mrs Short said 1,000 tonnes of aid was leaving for the Afghan capital Kabul daily, which was "a lot more than we had before".
"If we can carry on for five weeks, every day, at that sort of level, we're getting near the target to move enough food in," she said.
The WFP said on Saturday that its convoys of aid had reached Kabul and Kandahar, raising hopes that regular shipments could be made before the winter set in.
High death rate
But aid workers say the hungriest and poorest Afghans are dying of hunger and cold at rates far higher than the aid agencies consider to be crisis levels.
Among the estimated 10,000 refugees who fled Taleban attacks on their villages this summer to the high mountains in central Afghanistan, about four people are dying every day.
Afghan roads are still open.
Private traders are managing to truck food to even remote areas, although the poorest cannot afford to buy what is in the bazaars, the BBC's Kate Clark reports from Jebal-e-Seraj, in northern Afghanistan.
Some aid workers are raising the idea of the United States and the United Kingdom setting up safe air corridors to get food aid in and stop people dying.
The United States has accompanied its air strikes with food drops, but aid workers have questioned the effectiveness of such deliveries.