The annual catch of bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean is to be cut by one fifth in an attempt to conserve dwindling stocks.
The 42-nation International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (Iccat) agreed the quota cut at a meeting in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Iccat also agreed measures to combat illegal hunting of the giant fish.
Conservation groups criticised the scale of the cuts as "weak, scandalous and inadequate".
Scientific advice prepared for the Iccat meeting concluded that catches in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean were about three times above sustainable levels.
"This is a collapse plan, not a recovery plan "
A WWF study found that one in every three bluefin landed in the Mediterranean was caught illegally.
Conservation pressure
The Iccat deal will see:
"The decisive measures agreed by Iccat represent a realistic chance for the gradual recovery of bluefin tuna and, also importantly, for the sustainability of the fisheries, the fleets and the coastal communities involved," said EU Fisheries Commissioner Joe Borg.
But conservation groups lambasted the "weak" quota cuts.
"Today's decision will go down in history as destroying the credibility of Iccat as a regional fisheries management organisation," said Dr Sergi Tudela, Head of Fisheries at WWF Mediterranean.
"This is a collapse plan, not a recovery plan - and a mockery of the work of scientists."
WWF said EU governments had traded long-term conservation for short-term commercial interests.
The Iccat decision follows reductions made earlier in the year in Japan, which agreed unilaterally to cut its own catch of southern bluefin tuna by 50%.
The two sets of restrictions are expected to raise prices still further in Japan.
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