The UK has one of the highest asthma rates
Many believe their condition cannot be improved by medication and are taking a "grin and bear it" attitude.
However, experts say talking to a GP or asthma nurse can help people keep their condition under control.
In an article in the International Journal of Clinical Practice, doctors said there were several therapies available, which could make a significant difference to people's lives.
More than two-thirds (69%) were resigned to the fact they cannot do certain things because of their asthma, including playing sport, going up and down stairs and playing with their children.
Nearly one-third (32%) avoided any physical activity fearing it might worsen their condition.
However, only 37% said they actually contacted their doctor if they thought their asthma was becoming worse.
Successful therapies
Only 7% subsequently took the time to attend an asthma clinic appointment, the survey revealed.
Professor Dennis Shale, professor of respiratory medicine at Llandough Hospital, Cardiff, said GPs and nurses had a "proactive" approach to asthma.
He said: "We've so many good therapies available now that there really is no need for many people to feel their asthma is holding them back."
The condition affects more than five million people in the UK.
Tara Jones, who has asthma, said: "I used to feel uncomfortable sharing with my GP how my symptoms were putting a damper on my social life.
"Once I'd spoken to my doctor, changes were made to how my asthma was managed and treated.
"Now I don't give a second thought to doing those things I previously felt I couldn't do.
The Asthma Control and Expectations survey was backed by Allen and Hanburys, the respiratory division of pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline UK.