The study, by the magazine Health Which?, also found that the way in which some other ingredients are listed can lead to confusion.
More than 10,000 ingredients used in cosmetics are required, by law, to appear on labels.
This is despite 24 of these being common triggers of allergic reactions.
In addition, Health Which? found most ingredients are listed by their chemical name - an internationally-agreed system - or in Latin which can cause confusion.
There may be problems recognising well known ingredients - for instance, peanut oil goes by the name of Arachis hypogaea on cosmetic labels.
Nikki Ratcliff, Senior Researcher for Health Which? said: "At the moment if you think you are allergic to fragrance chemicals your only option is to avoid anything which has 'parfum' on the label which means ruling out a huge number of products.
"We welcome the proposed change in the law from the European Commission which would require cosmetics manufacturers to list any of the 24 fragrance ingredients that can cause allergic reactions.
"But you may still have trouble recognising certain well known ingredients. If in doubt, seek advice from a dermatologist who should be able to tell you exactly what's in a product."
Dermatology
Dr Mike Beck, director of the Contact Dermatology Investigation Unit at Hope Hospital, Salford, told BBC News Online that failure to specify the fragrance chemicals in cosmetics had prevented dermatologists from carrying out work into allergies.
He said: "Perfumes are the commonest cause of contact allergy from cosmetics.
"They contain quite a complicated array of materials, and therefore just putting the word parfum on the label has not helped us to understand why precisely people are becoming allergic.
"We cannot tell which components are causing the problem, or in what concentrations they become active."
Dr Beck said allergic reactions to perfume usually caused a red, scaly rash on the skin.
However, in rare cases extremely sensitive patients might also develop problems with sneezing and breathing.
Advice
Health Which? makes recommendations on how to ensure that make up is safe and hygienic to use.
These include:
The magazine also advises people who suffer a reaction to inform the manufacturer.
The batch code will enable the manufacturer to trace when the product was made.
Trading standards may be able to advise on disputes.