BBC News Online: World: Europe

EU enlargement: Second wave

Before they are allowed in the countries need to modify legislation to fit in with the EU 's three basic principles, of human rights, democracy and market economics, as well technical issues including subsidies, environment and commercial standards.
For its part, the Union must effect internal reforms to ensure procedures are not paralysed by expansion to 27 members, or 28 if Turkey, a current candidate, is formally invited to apply.

EU institutions were originally designed for six countries and changed haphazardly as the EU grew.

A year-long inter-governmental conference (IGC) is being set up handle the changes, which are controversial because they stand to alter the balance of power between existing members.

Wealth gap

An internal crisis resulting from objections to the make-up of the new Austrian government means the entry talks begin at a difficult time.
Austria's far right Freedom Party has voiced fears about an influx of immigrants from the poorer former Eastern Bloc, four of which have share borders with Austria.

However, the Austrian foreign minister rejected suggestions it was against expansion altogether, but said that it had "special concerns" by having the longest frontier with the eastern candidates.

But analysts say the future advantages tied to EU expansion are undeniable: a bigger internal market, more consumers to sell to, more business opportunities, and stable, prosperous neighbours.