BBC News Online: World: Europe

Journalist battles war crimes summons

Randal, a journalist, refuses to be called as a witness

But the prosecution says journalists should not be given a blanket exemption from testifying.

The result of the appeal, brought by the Washington Post, could set a precedent for other war correspondents called upon to reveal their sources.

Public interest

Mr Robertson argued that testifying could also endanger the lives of a journalist's sources and would make news gathering more difficult in war zones.

"War correspondents who take the witness stand risk being perceived by potential sources as an investigative arm of a judicial system, government or private parties," he said.

Prosecutor Joanna Korner said it was in the public interest for Mr Randal to give evidence.

He had information which "goes to the heart of the case" of ethnic cleansing against two Bosnian Serbs accused of war crimes during the 1992-95 Bosnian conflict, she said.

Ms Korner said journalists could not be given a "blanket exemption" from testifying in court.

ICC precedent

In 1993, Jonathan Randal interviewed Radoslav Brdjanin, one of two Serb defendants on trial for genocide.

In his article, he quotes Mr Brdjanin, a housing administrator, defending ethnic cleansing of Muslims and Croats.

Mr Randal's British lawyer, Mark Stephens, says the judgment in this case will influence practice at the permanent International Criminal Court which is about to begin business.

The first chief UN war crimes prosecutor, Judge Richard Goldstone, has said that journalists should have legal protection from testifying in such cases.