The nurse allegedly gave her victims lethal drugs
Her victims are said to include babies, young children and elderly patients at four hospitals in The Hague.
Prosecutors have described the woman as a "classic psychopath".
The killings are alleged to have taken place over a four-year period between February 1997 and September 2001.
The nurse, who has also been charged with four attempted murders, is due to go on trial in The Hague in June.
Lethal overdose
The woman, aged 40, is accused of killing five babies and children and nine elderly people in her care, by giving them a lethal dose of drugs.
"The nurse is suspected of killing the victims by giving them substances such as potassium... and morphine," Hague prosecutors said in a statement.
"In certain cases, the nature of the deadly substance could not be determined."
Some of the deaths were said to have occurred in a children's ward and a prison infirmary, but the prosecutors' statement gave no indication of the illnesses suffered by the victims.
Babies less than a year old and patients as old as 91 were among the victims, prosecutors said.
The nurse, whose name has not been released, is also charged with four attempted murders and forging school certificates to enable her to qualify for medical training.
She was suspended from her last job at a hospital in The Hague in 2001 following the death of a baby. She has since been sacked.
According to the Associated Press news agency, the woman is a former resident of Winnipeg, Canada, who is obsessed with death and has attempted suicide seven times in the past decade.
The bodies of three children she allegedly killed were disinterred for examination in March, according to the news agency.