Todde attributed his longevity to drinking red wine
Relatives said Todde, who attributed his longevity to a glass of red wine every day, had died in his sleep in Tiana, Sardinia.
"He was lucid to the very end," relative Mariolina Todde told Reuters news agency.
"He was always joking that he was going to live to 130. Whenever we had friends around, everyone was made to drink to his health. Red wine, of course."
Todde was born on 22 January 1889 in a mountain village in the heart of Sardinia.
He worked as a shepherd all his life, leaving the island just once to serve in the military in World War I.
He enjoyed long walks and had a simple diet based on pasta, vegetable soup, red meat and cheese.
Sardinia study
On his 112th birthday, Todde spoke to reporters about the secret of a long life.
"Just love your brother and drink a good glass of red wine every day," he was quoted as saying. "You take one day after the other, you just go on."
The longevity of Sardinians is the subject of a scientific project on ageing.
About 135 people per million on the island live to see their 100th birthday, while the western average is nearer 75.
"To discover why Sardinians live so long we are researching the genetic long-life markers," said Luca Deiana, who is heading the project.
"We have already taken DNA samples from 337 Sardinian communities so we can look into the genetic and dietary factors that affect long life."
Long-lived
Todde inherited the Guinness title of oldest living man in December 2000 when American Benjamin Harrison Holcomb died in Carnegie, Oklahoma, at the age of 111.
Italy's oldest woman, 110-year-old Maria Grazia Broccolo, died only hours after him in a small town south of Rome.
Guinness lists the world's oldest woman as 114-year-old Maude Farris-Luse, who was born 21 January 1887 in Morley, Michigan.