The so-called Millennium Plan is expected to look at some of the major economic issues facing the continent, including the heavy debt burden many countries face.
The initial plan has been drawn up with Nigerian President Olusegun Obasasjo and his Algerian counterpart Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
The South African president's hope is that Davos will be a chance to sell the plan to the world's key political and business leaders.
The programme aims to co-ordinate the approach of African countries, which will have a stronger-than-usual presence at Davos.
"It has to deal with these matters of debt trade, market access and attraction of capital into...African countries," President Mbeki has said. "We are looking at all of these things to see if we can't elaborate a new programme for African development."
"It is really up to yourself as an African country to come on board by demonstrating serious commitment," he said.
Mbeki's decision to present the plan at Davos should at least guarantee him an audience with other heads of state as well as potential investors in Africa.
Why Davos?
However, some observers may find the choice of Davos peculiar.
The economic summit is often seen as one of the most enthusiastic supporters of globalised economic expansion and free market economics.
Mbeki's spokesman's comment - reported in the South African Sunday Independent - that this will be the first programme "owned by Africa, developed by Africans and supported by world leaders", rings slightly hollow.
But the attraction of Davos is clearly that they have a chance to woo foreign investors, many of whom will be represented at the conference.
President Mbeki and President Obasanjo are due to speak at the summit on Sunday 28 January, in a session chaired by Royal Dutch/Shell chairman Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, entitled a "Plan for Africa".
Debt talks
While the 'Millennium Plan' will doubtless look at several of the economic problems facing Africa, it can also be seen as a next step in the campaign to reduce the continent's debt.
Last year saw the high-profile Jubilee 2000 campaign. It called on Western countries to cancel the debts owed them by developing countries.
While some debts were cancelled, the campaign's primary claim to success is that it rivitalised the debate about debt.
Debt relief became a moral dilemma for the people of developed nations, instead of a question of helping the poor.
The United Nations has warned that current debt relief is not enough to help some of the world's poorest countries, most of which are in Africa.
Lifted out of debt
The UN said Lesotho and Sudan were the only two African countries in the study, whose gross domestic product was likely to rise sufficiently to lift them out of least-developed status.
Given South Africa's low debt levels, any mention of debt in the Millennium Plan is likely to "touch on trying to get a more favourable deal for [other] African countries," according to Pat Thaker, regional director at the Economist Intelligence Unit.
But, while South Africa may enjoy low debt levels, it is struggling to find jobs for its people. The post-apartheid government has embraced capitalism and adopted financially conservative policies.
Even though this didn't match companies' worst fears before the end of apartheid, many prominent South African companies have still relocated, basing their head offices in the West.
With unemployment rife the government may be looking to boost its international standing and take a leadership role on African issues.
However, she believes the strong African presence at Davos may be as much about presenting a stronger regional face, and ensuring better trade flows within the continent.
"The other African countries have similar concerns. They realise that trade blocs are developing. Africa wants to have greater economic strength between the countries," Ms Thaker said.