Nixon resigned in disgrace after the Watergate scandal
At times sounding muffled, Nixon can nevertheless clearly be heard discussing foreign affairs with political aides such as then-national security adviser Henry Kissinger.
Issues ranged from the most mundane day-to-day activities to the possibility of dropping a nuclear bomb on Vietnam, which the pair debated in April 1972.
Vietnam
"I'd rather use the nuclear bomb," Nixon is heard to say in a matter-of-fact tone.
"That, I think, would just be too much," Kissinger replies cautiously.
"Does that bother you?" Nixon is heard to reply sharply, adding, "I just want you to think big."
A later conversation taped in June the same year with domestic adviser Charles Colson reveals an extremely angry Nixon gruffly dismiss Vietnam.
"We want to decimate the goddamn place," he barks to Mr Colson.
"North Vietnam is going to get reordered...it's what should have been done a long time ago."
Secret Taiwan concession
The transcripts also show Mr Kissinger conceded China's territorial claim over Taiwan during his secret visit to Beijing in July 1971.
He admitted to the then Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai that had the Korean war not intervened, Taiwan would probably be part of China.
He said that long-term, Washington would not stand in the way of it becoming so again.
But he asked China not to rush the United States into making formal declarations.
The records also show that before the meeting, President Nixon told Mr Kissinger that he should not show until necessary that America might be willing to abandon its support for Taiwan.
President Nixon also told Mr Kissinger to emphasise the threat of a militarily resurgent Japan if American troops pulled out of the region.
In his memoirs, Mr Kissinger had said the Taiwan issue had hardly been discussed at his meeting with Mr Chou.
Watergate scandal
Nixon ordered his secret service agents to install tape recording equipment in the White House and they captured everything said in the Oval Office and cabinet room.
The infamous Watergate scandal that eventually forced Nixon from office is also captured in its entirety, including the infamous "smoking gun" snippet, where Nixon discusses using the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to try and thwart the FBI's investigation of the case.
The conversations form the largest release so far by the national archives.
It also marks the first time that historians and researchers have been able to use their own recording equipment to copy the tapes.