The Justice Department said many of the 19, who all had Middle Eastern names, had had pilot training.
They had lived in Florida, New Jersey, California, Massachusetts and Arizona.
More than 4,000 FBI agents are working with police in many different countries in the biggest manhunt in US history.
Fears of new terror attacks led to the closure of three airports in the New York area - Kennedy, La Guardia and Newark - shortly after they re-opened.
Senate Intelligence Committee head Senator Joseph Biden called for the public to remain calm after 10 passengers of Middle Eastern appearance were briefly detained, then released.
New leads
Investigators were hoping to gain a crucial insight into the last minutes of the plane which crashed into the Pentagon after they found the plane's flight and cockpit voice recorders.
Click here to see map of airliner routes
In Belgium, local authorities are investigating possible links between a man detained during an anti-terrorism sweep in the capital and the chief suspect in the attacks, Osama Bin Laden.
Two suspects are in custody in Brussels after weapons were found during a house search, said a spokeswoman for the city's prosecutor's office.
"They are part of a radical Islamic movement and one of them may possibly have been planning an attack on a US target in Europe," she said.
In a related operation, Dutch police made four arrests of suspected Islamic militants in Rotterdam.
In Switzerland, the authorities said they were searching for evidence that the hijackers may have used the country as a transit point.
Urs von Daniken, head of the Swiss police's intelligence service, said the US had requested the investigation.
Progress of the investigation so far:
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Related to this story:
Passengers 'fought to avert disaster'
(13 Sep 01 | Americas)
Manila hotel raid over US attacks
(14 Sep 01 | Asia-Pacific)
Flight recorders recovered at Pentagon
(14 Sep 01 | Americas)
Q&A: Learning to fly a plane
(14 Sep 01 | Americas)
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