Timeline: The Gambia

A chronology of key events:

1455 - Portuguese establish trading stations along Gambia river.

Banjul: Former colonial town is a key transport hub

• Founded by British as Bathurst in 1816
• Capital of independent Gambia from 1965; name changed to Banjul in 1973

1889 - Present boundaries of The Gambia set by agreement between Britain and France.

1894 - The Gambia becomes a British protectorate.

1965 - The Gambia becomes independent with Dawda Jawara as prime minister.

1970 - The Gambia becomes a republic following a referendum; Jawara elected president.

1981 - Five hundred people are killed as Senegalese troops help suppress a coup.

1982 - The Gambia and Senegal form a loose confederation called Senegambia.

1989 - Senegambia confederation collapses.

1991 - The Gambia and Senegal sign friendship treaty.

Coup

1994 - Jawara ousted in coup led by Lieutenant Yahya Jammeh.

1996 - New multiparty constitution promulgated, but three major political parties remain prohibited from taking part in elections; Jammeh elected president.

Dawda Jawara: Post-independence leader, ousted in 1994 coup

2002: Gambia's ex-leader returns from exile

On This Day 1965: Countdown to Gambian independence

1998 - A British human rights group, Article Nineteen, accuses the Gambian government of harassing opposition activists and journalists.

2000 January - Government says it has foiled a military coup.

2000 April - At least 12 people are shot dead during student demonstrations against the alleged torture and murder of a student the previous month.

2000 June - Ousainou Darboe, leader of the main opposition United Democratic Party, and 20 of his supporters are charged with the murder of activist of the ruling Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction.

2000 July - Nine soldiers and businessmen charged with treason in connection with an alleged plot to overthrow the government.

2001 23 July - President Jammeh lifts the ban on the political parties he overthrew in his military coup of 1994.

2001 September - Military court sentences former head of the presidential guard Lieutenant Landing Sanneh to 16 years in prison for conspiracy in an alleged plot against Jammeh.

Yahya Jammeh won a second term in the 2001 presidential poll

2001: Gambia's president wins election

2001 October - Jammeh wins a second term. Foreign observers give the poll a clean bill of health in spite of rising tension ahead of the vote.

2002 January - Ruling Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction sweeps parliamentary elections boycotted by the opposition amid widespread voter apathy.

2002 May - Opposition MPs and journalists condemn a new media law, passed by parliament, as draconian and intended to muzzle the independent press.

2004 February - President Jammeh announces the discovery of large reserves of oil.

2004 December - New press law provides for the jailing of journalists found guilty of libel, sedition. Days later a critic of the law, prominent editor Deyda Hydara, is shot dead.

2005 March - Ministers and civil servants are sacked and more than 30 senior officials are arrested over corruption allegations.

2005 October - Dispute with neighbouring Senegal over ferry tariffs on the border leads to a transport blockade. The economies of both countries suffer. Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo brokers talks to resolve the issue.

2006 March - Government says a planned military coup has been foiled.

2006 July - Head of the independent electoral commission Ndondi Njai is sacked. The opposition complains that many non-Gambians have illegally registered to vote.

2006 August - Thousands flee into Gambia from Senegal's southern Casamance region to escape fighting between Senegalese troops and Casamance separatists.

2006 September - Jammeh wins a third term.

2007 January - Ruling Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) wins parliamentary elections, retaining a tight grip on parliament.

2007 February - UN development envoy Fadzai Gwaradzimba is expelled for criticizing the president's assertion that he can cure AIDS.

2007 April - Ten ex-army officers are sentenced to prison for plotting a coup.

2008 May - President Yahya Jammeh tells a rally that he would "cut off the head" of any homosexual found in The Gambia, prompting an outcry from international gay rights campaigners.

2009 March - Amnesty International says hundreds have been kidnapped during a government campaign against witchcraft.

2009 June - A court charges seven prominent journalists with sedition after criticising the president.