Cave spiders are large, dark bronze arachnids that spin small open webs
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Dozens of rare spiders have been discovered on a derelict site earmarked for housing.
About 100 cave spiders (Meta Menardi) have taken over a disused air raid shelter near Papworth Hospital.
South Cambridgeshire District Council Ecology Officer Rob Mungovan said the shelter mimics conditions of a cave.
The spiders, which will be moved before construction work starts, have only been found in a dozen places in the UK and never recorded in Cambridgeshire.
Mr Mungovan, who checks for rare species before he lets the developers start work, discovered the population of spiders.
He said: "Maybe these spiders have come from the ancient woodland we have here in Papworth.
"There may have been relic populations in large hollow trees or a juvenile spider may have found a suitable habitat here and found a mate and established a population."
A South Cambridgeshire District Council spokesman said the spiders are to be put in 100 separate boxes - to stop them eating each other - and moved to a new shelter on the other side of the hospital.