The Pantanal in Brazil is one of the world's largest freshwater wetlands - 10 times the size of the Everglades in the US and home to hundreds of species of birds and fish.
Environmentalists are fearful that plans by the Brazilian government to permit more sugar cane plantations or ethanol plants on the plateaus above the wetlands will become a pollution threat.
Gary Duffy spoke to local expert Andre Thuronyi, who runs an eco guest house in the Pantanal.
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