The test results are published and ranked in league tables which some argue only adds to the pressure.
A House of Commons Select Committee is shortly to report on this very question - and the evidence they've received suggests that the Government may get poor marks.
Since devolution England has become the only part of the United Kingdom which is still committed to this system of regular high-pressure examinations - as their critics see them.
English children have to take SATs right through their school career and then take school-leaving exams.
Panorama reporter Vivian White, himself a former teacher, goes back to school, in search of the answers and asks if the Government needs to be taught a lesson by the rest of the UK?
Panorama: Tested to Destruction will be on BBC One at 8.30pm on Monday 12 May 2008.
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