In pictures: Venezuela's informal economy

About half of Venezuela's workforce is estimated to operate in the informal economy - many are street vendors, or "buhoneros". They do not pay national insurance or have social security, and are not counted in unemployment figures.

Street trading has soared in recent years, analysts say, because the buhoneros feel protected by the government. Many street vendors say that "proper jobs" are scarce and this is the only way to feed their families.

The streets are expected to become even more crowded in December with vendors competing for the attention of Christmas shoppers.

In recent times "phone stalls" have sprung up across the country's cities. All that is needed is a number of pay-as-you-go mobiles (often chained to a table) and chairs. Some also sell phone accessories, cigarettes and sweets.

Another recent phenomenon is the appearance of "mototaxis", a popular way to beat the traffic jams. Some operate formally as mini-cab firms. Others are just run by individuals who stick a sign on their motorbikes and take passengers.

Food is easy to buy on the streets. Fresh fruit and vegetables are on sale...

... as well as local dishes, such as fried plantain, for those who want a meal on the go.

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