Early heart attack warning system

The technology analyses proteins in the blood

Scientists have used state-of-the-art micro-technology to develop an early warning system for heart attacks.

The system works by measuring changes to the level of proteins that are released into the blood when the heart is damaged.

Compared to currently used standard techniques our method offers faster diagnostics

Dr Christoph Gerber

This is done by using tiny bracket-like structures called nonacscale cantilevers.

Researchers from the University of Basel in Switzerland coated the upper surface of the bracket's arm with antibodies which bind to the indicator proteins - creatinine kinase and myoglobin.

These proteins are found in the heart muscle, and are released into the blood following tissue damage. The higher the concentration, the more severe the heart attack.

When the proteins bind to the surface of the cantilever this causes tiny movements that can be measured by optical devices.

Slow alternatives

The technique enables several proteins to be monitored simultaneously and over time.

This would enable doctors to keep a close eye on protein levels in heart patients - and take action quickly when a heart attack occurs.

Alternative methods for detecting protein levels are currently available.

But they involve the use of radioactive markers, and are time-consuming and do not produce instant results.

Researcher Dr Christoph Gerber told BBC News Online the technology had tremendous potential, but required further refinement before it could be used on patients.

"Compared to currently used standard techniques our method offers faster diagnostics.

"However, the sensitivity of the presented sensors is at the moment not yet within a clinical relevant range.

"Upon improvement of the sensor surface the diagnosis at the bedside is within reach."

Tests required

Belinda Linden, of the British Heart Foundation, said: "Protein level monitoring is an important means of early diagnosis of heart attacks.

"Rapid diagnosis can help guide the use of timely and appropriate clot-busting drugs.

"Any development which makes it easier to collect this valuable information is positive news for sufferers of coronary heart disease.

"However, before this method becomes widely used, results must be carefully evaluated clinically"

The technology is described in Nanotechnology, the journal of the Institute of Physics.