Country profile: Suriname

Suriname, once known as Dutch Guiana, is one of South America's smallest countries. It enjoys a relatively high standard of living but also faces serious political and economic challenges.

Since independence from the Netherlands in 1975 Suriname has endured coups and a civil war. Former military strongman Desi Bouterse dominated politics for much of the post-independence era, but the country is now under civilian rule.

Overview

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Suriname is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the Americas. Most of its people are descended from African slaves and Indian and Indonesian indentured servants brought over by the Dutch to work as agricultural labourers.

However, there is little assimilation between the different ethnic groups, which confine their contacts to the economic sphere. Similarly, most political parties are ethnically based. This acts as an obstacle to consensus-building.

Suriname has potential for tourism, boasting rainforests, abundant wildlife and colonial architecture in the capital. But the sector is undeveloped, hampered by the inaccessibility of the interior and the lack of infrastructure. So, Suriname depends heavily on mining and processing its declining reserves of bauxite and is vulnerable to falls in commodity prices.

Suriname and neighbouring Guyana have been engaged in a long-running territorial dispute over a potentially oil-rich offshore area. A UN tribunal settled the issue in 2007, redrawing the maritime border and giving both countries access to the basin. The ruling is expected to bring a surge of exploration by major oil companies.

The issue flared up in 2000 when Surinamese patrol boats evicted a Canadian-owned rig from a concession awarded by Guyana.

Facts

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• Full name: Republic of Suriname
• Population: 519,000 (UN, 2009)
• Capital: Paramaribo
• Area: 163,265 sq km (63,037 sq miles)
• Major languages: Dutch (official), English, Sranang Tongo, Hindi, Javanese
• Major religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
• Life expectancy: 65 years (men), 73 years (women) (UN)
• Monetary unit: Suriname dollar
• Main exports: Bauxite, alumina, aluminium, crude oil, timber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas
• GNI per capita: US $4,990 (World Bank, 2008)
• Internet domain: .sr
• International dialling code: +597

Leaders

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President: Ronald Venetiaan

Ronald Venetiaan was re-elected in August 2005 by members of a regional assembly, ending months of political deadlock.

President Venetiaan: Credited with containing inflation

Neither he nor his rival had received enough votes in parliament to become president. It was left to the regional body to decide the outcome.

Mr Venetiaan's New Front coalition returned the greatest number of MPs in May's parliamentary elections, but not the majority it needed to govern. The poll was contested by the National Democratic Party of former dictator Desi Bouterse, which doubled its representation.

This is Ronald Venetiaan's third stint as president. In 2000 he replaced Jules Wijdenbosch, known as "Boschje", who oversaw a period of high public spending.

He inherited a devalued currency, high inflation, a collapsing health system and a bloated bureaucracy. Emergency measures were introduced to contain inflation and stabilise the exchange rate.

The government cut public spending and restructured the banana industry with the help of international loans.

In his first term, from 1991-96, Mr Venetiaan ran an austerity programme which, though unpopular, left Suriname with a stable currency and a budget surplus.

Media

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The government generally respects freedom of expression and, on the whole, the state broadcast media offer a range of views.

The two daily newspapers are privately-owned. State-run broadcasters operate alongside private radio and TV stations.

The press

• De Ware Tijd - daily
• De West - daily

Television

• Algemene Televisie Verzorging (ATV) - government-owned, commercial, broadcasting in Dutch, English, Portuguese, Spanish and some local languages
• Surinaamse Televisie Stichting (STVS) - government-owned, commercial, broadcasting in Dutch, English and some local languages

Radio

• Radio Apintie - commercial, broadcasting in Dutch and some local languages
• Radio Nickerie (RANI) - commercial, broadcasting in Hindi and Dutch
• Radio Paramaribo - commercial, broadcasting in Dutch and some local languages
• Radio Radhika - broadcasts in Dutch and Hindi
• Radio Sangeet Mala - broadcasts in Dutch and Hindi
• Stichting Radio Omroep Suriname (SRS) - government-owned, commercial, broadcasting in Dutch and some local languages
• Radio ABC - commercial