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For decades Costa Rica has stood out for its stability and has benefited from the most developed welfare system in the region. It has no standing army, and its citizens enjoy one of the highest life expectancy levels in the Western hemisphere and better living standards than their war-torn neighbours.
Overview
Traditionally dependent on coffee, banana and beef exports, Costa Rica has diversified its economy.
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AT-A-GLANCE
Politics: Elder statesman and nobel laureate Oscar Arias took office as president in 2006
Economy: One of Central America's most affluent countries; Costa Ricans voters narrowly approved a free trade deal with the US in 2007
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The opening of a large computer chip plant in the late 1990s was a fillip to the economy, but its fortunes have been subject to the fluctuating world demand for microchips. Tourism is Costa Rica's main source of foreign exchange. Its tropical forests are home to a profusion of flora and fauna, including 1,000 species of orchid and 850 species of birds, such as macaws and toucans. The Caribbean coast with its swamps and sandy beaches is also a big draw. But Costa Rica is trying to shake off its reputation as a destination for sex tourists. While relatively free of crime, Costa Rica has been used as a transit point for South American cocaine and there have been allegations that drug-tainted money has found its way into the coffers of the two main political parties. Once dubbed the "Switzerland of Central America", the country's self-image was badly shaken in 2004 when allegations of high-level corruption led to two former presidents being imprisoned on graft charges.
Facts
- Full name: Republic of Costa Rica
- Population: 4.5 million (UN, 2008)
- Capital: San Jose
- Area: 51,100 sq km (19,730 sq miles)
- Major languages: Spanish (official), English
- Major religion: Christianity
- Life expectancy: 76 years (men), 81 years (women) (UN)
- Monetary unit: 1 Costa Rican colon = 100 centimos
- Main exports: Coffee, bananas, sugar, textiles, electronic components, electricity
- GNI per capita: US$5,560 (World Bank, 2007)
- Internet domain: .cr
- International dialling code: +506
Leaders
President: Oscar Arias Nobel laureate Oscar Arias defeated former minister Otton Solis in closely-fought presidential elections in February 2006 and took office in May. Mr Solis conceded after a manual count and a series of legal challenges.
Oscar Arias won re-election by a narrow margin
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Oscar Arias promised to stabilise the economy and to clamp down on corruption in government. He says he aims to put Costa Rica on course to become Latin America's most developed nation. The president champions the ratification of a Central American free trade pact with the US. Costa Ricans are divided over the proposed accord. Mr Arias was president from 1986-90 and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his role in talks that helped to end two civil wars in the region. Born in 1940, he studied in Costa Rica and Britain. He is a divorcee and a father of two. His predecessor, Abel Pacheco of the conservative Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC), backed free market reforms. But he inherited a struggling economy and his privatisation and tax reform plans met with strong opposition.
Media
Costa Rica enjoys a vibrant media scene, with nine major newspapers, private and public TV stations and a busy FM radio dial. Cable TV is widely available. Press freedom group Reporters Without Borders describes the country's media as "fairly free". Libel laws and a law which ensures the right of reply for individuals criticised in reports are in force. The press
Television
- Teletica (channel 7) - private
- Repretel (channels 4, 6, 11) - private
- Conexion (channel 2) - private
- Canal 13 - public
Radio
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