Those injured had suffered burns, smoke inhalation and broken bones. Four were critically injured.
Another 100 were later taken by boat to Port Fourchon where they were checked by doctors. They were then taken to a hotel in New Orleans to be reunited with their families.
Meanwhile, there are worries that the now submerged rig is leaking large volumes of oil into the Gulf.
Before the explosion, the rig carried 2.6m litres of diesel fuel and was pumping 8,000 barrels (1.27m litres) of crude oil a day - a volume which may still be leaking from the well into the Gulf of Mexico.
Rear Adm Mary Landry said crews saw an area measuring one mile by five miles (1.5km by 8km) of what appeared to be oil on the surface of the water.
Officials say the environmental damage would be worst if any spill reached the Louisiana shore, 50 miles away.
An operation was being mounted to contain and clean-up the spill, including skimmers, booms to contain the oil and aeroplanes to drop dispersants on it.
A remote-controlled submarine has been deployed to find the exact location of the sunken rig and the condition of the well.
Deepwater Horizon was drilling for BP on part of the Mississippi Canyon Block 252 known as the Macondo prospect, in 1,500m (5,000ft) of water.
Built in 2001 by South Korea's Hyundai, the semi-submersible rig is 120m (396ft) long and 78m (256ft) wide, according to Transocean.
It said there had been no signs of trouble before the explosion and crews had been doing routine work.
The dangers of working on an oil rig have declined in recent decades, but the job can still be risky.
Since 2001, there have been 858 fires and explosions in the Gulf, according to the federal Minerals Management Service.
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