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Wednesday, 13 December, 2000, 12:07 GMT
US Supreme Court: How they ruled
![]() The nine justices held the fate of the US presidency
Americans looked to the United States Supreme Court in Washington - the highest court in the land on national or constitutional matters - to resolve the legal battle for the US presidency.
When it finally delivered its verdict on 12 December after almost two days of deliberation, it in effect ruled out any further recounts of disputed votes in Florida, making a victory for George W Bush a near certainty. Seven of the justices agreed there had been constitutional problems in connection with the decision to recount in Florida. A majority ruling said it was "obvious that the recount cannot be conducted in compliance with the requirements of equal protection and due process without substantial additional work." But there was a five-four split on what action should be taken. In the end the case was formally remanded back to Florida.
In the majority were Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist and Justices Sandra Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony M. Kennedy and Clarence Thomas. Those dissenting were Justices John Paul Stevens, David H. Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen G. Breyer. The justices and how they voted
In a further opinion, joined by justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, he said: "Florida statutory law cannot reasonably be thought to require the counting of improperly marked ballots. And there is no basis for reading the Florida statutes as requiring the counting of improperly marked ballots"
"Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year's presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear," he said. "It is the nation's confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the rule of law,"
He joined Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Thomas in a concurring statement explaining why they wanted to rule out further recounts.
"In deciding what to do about this, we should take account of the fact that electoral votes are due to be cast in six days," he said. "I would therefore remand the case to the courts of Florida with instructions to establish uniform standards for evaluating the several types of ballots that have prompted differing treatments, to be applied within and among counties when passing on such identical ballots in any further recounting (or successive recounting) that the courts might order."
"The Court's conclusion that a constitutionally adequate recount is impractical is a prophecy the Court's own judgment will not allow to be tested," she said. "Such an untested prophecy should not decide the Presidency of the United States."
"The Court was wrong to take this case," he said. "It was wrong to grant a stay. "It should now vacate that stay and permit the Florida Supreme Court to decide whether the recount should resume. Presidential appointees In theory, the US Supreme Court is the most powerful branch of US Government. It has the power to declare state law, federal law, executive actions or state supreme court decisions in violation of the US constitution and therefore have them reversed. Seven of the nine justices were appointed by Republican presidents, giving the court a distinctly conservative character. All nine justices on the Federal Supreme Court are appointed for life by the president. Because of an ageing membership, the next president is almost certain to have a chance to shape the court by appointing a number of new justices - most of whom are likely remain long after the president himself leaves office. The power to appoint Supreme Court justices sympathetic to a particular viewpoint is seen as one of the key areas of influence wielded by the president.
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