| Below breadline
Pioneering social scientist Seebohm Rowntree followed in the footsteps of his father, Joseph - founder of a research charity - who examined a number of social issues, including "pauperism".
In a series of reports Seebohm looked at the plight of the working class in York and found that nearly a third of people earned too little to afford to buy a basic basket of goods (see opposite).
Rowntree's findings altered the poverty debate.
Poverty was increasingly seen as being caused by economic factors.
Easing these factors became the objective of policymakers.
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