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![]() Wednesday, September 8, 1999 Published at 23:12 GMT 00:12 UK ![]() ![]() Sci/Tech ![]() Leaking Earth could run dry ![]() Water flows into and out of the mantle ![]() Japanese scientists say the Earth could be dry and barren within a billion years because the oceans are draining into the planet's interior. Researchers from the Tokyo Institute of Technology have calculated that about 1.12 billion tonnes of water leaks into the Earth each year. Although a lot of water also moves in the other direction, not enough comes to the surface to balance what is lost. Eventually, lead researcher Shigenori Maruyama and his colleagues believe, all of it will disappear.
The water drains away at subduction zones, where the rock of the sea floor dives under the crustal rock that forms the continents. It is bound up in minerals in the transition zone, a layer of rock in the mantle that extends 400 to 650 kilometres below the surface of the Earth. Geoscientists believe the water can return through volcanic hot spots and mid-ocean ridges, where molten rock from the upper mantle is pushed up through the Earth's crust. But the Tokyo calculations suggest only 0.23 billion tonnes makes it back each year - substantially less than is required to equalise the flows.
His figures, which he describes as conservative, suggest the leakage has caused sea levels to drop by around 600 metres in the last 750 million years. This trend has been largely obscured in the geological record by shorter-term variations in sea levels. Maruyama will present his findings at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco in December. "The general idea appears quite plausible," says Raymond Jeanloz of the University of California at Berkeley. The difficulty, he says, is being sure you have accounted for all the mantle's inputs and outputs. ![]() |
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